The Arctic cod, ringed seal, kqrwjq3p2 u:/eiller whale, polar bear and other organisms live and interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean/uejp:23q q rw. Which of the following terms best describes them?

  Which of the following would not be considere5cqpmou 90uck8t 7zy7 d an abiotic factor?

  What best defines a 3a q6gngw)dk nw0 2b(0ivyib6habitat?

  Rain forests are known to have tall trees and a mhj rqog+m/nvh ;c2*n9w-7pa large biomass with high productivity, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurture the presence of man2 o7n/chrp*9v wmmj ;-+n haqgy interdependent organisms. These species also interact with the physical environment they inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for plant growth in arid (dry) envir jwez+ i:9qlchud r8 pyn9-5d7onments?

  Which of the following is not a fae*57 -fffe,ugz;a bu ictor required for coral reef formation?

  Which of the following is the most appropriate to measure using a line transecaa;,-q0x auzqt?0,-qa aa x;quz

  During a field day, students were asked to investigate the eb wrt5o:/tul.x/.ln kqh3g,t ffect of soil salinity on the distribution of plant species. Students designed an experiment that measured the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distan.txurk3gtwo.h /:5 l ln/,qtbce from the high tide line was taken as an indication of the salinity levels. The results are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following factors4ar9y4p/ uk fmqr+:(psx sea- create biomes?
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterised by high temperatures pl1o wlydjr( 9 oe:i)s,yc5s:e7z mq;, high rainfall, and high humo:(i7d, ;)ros zpe51qyjc ws em9:yll idity?

Marram grass, pictured below, is a plant spfm q5dtughek6pp;o lr44/w r 8137u rbecies often found growing on sand dunes.p 8 r7 ublm4te61 o;r/q3p54fkhgd wur

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, pictured below, is found in the tropical rainforests of Central q6 ;(f.mmoswn,9lvt m2pj7bgand South America. It has buttress roots that extend abovn (f t;.j9lqw6,so7 gvmmb2mpe the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms species, populat. 7d)8e 5 uewasaek(neion, and community.

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.