Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a nafm h( uqw;tq k5v*0c )o,4v(ybd3knjomed proteifq mdn;( 3c)(ju*woy k thv0vk5 4,qbon?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetif akcczb qsl.,t 2(zs2p7oa (.c material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mut/(d:zhxr rhn/yx/ 4i1-wgry jations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic ) w5 .shg4(xwk:wqq wrcode table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translation?6,e1, owrkqsrp77dg,,,pagzvf aj1w

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds?i1nqh c/.sd 4y5,yhur
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code pyi.k:qqkw4s3 v76 cw5hwh hd4 l6*ni.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds? davg +3p+5b4hvg,swi
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below showe :ldh pg p3p.fxgg,;8)5snyhs the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for thdcyde 0zk7p(xn+m2 7ft4hl o 7e functions of these sites?fz7kl7 24nxcd+ t(py0e7d mo h

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ mean w 7t2xu71sqmv?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a d p3czrq.puqx/6ra e:l3k c0f. c 2m1j:l8zddripeptide from twom krczleqp cd ./3a6 j:0pc2x8u: 1rfdz. r3ql amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process nym* s)exfgc*(.(*c oz cfw/nof translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are in 4olw w 8nj)6xgjr4(qqdicated by the labels X, Y, and Z? g84 j4q) xjo6wwnrql(

The diagram below shows the genetqj.tknbw z z;m-3 *s9+rr efu5ic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translatio8bo wy7 wb45kok3dps8w g)s5tn are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA syk:/a nneeo7 1hnthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polyqo+ow8e mp+9d 1:lu eopeptide chains, each chain contains 20 aminow qouleo9:do+pe18 m+ acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNjs 7+vov2 m/25xo *mc9bmbrv(:nw ap xwd96qdA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in vdxy e2xy+ *bl9r wt/*protein synthesis. yr2+9** ew xdvt /lxby

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stoa vpxoq+ ,rw.+ km,)wv+ gy2xap codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?y,xr2o+vkxpqw)+.,wg+ vaam

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as ath+ u0iv(7 oek result of a mutation, which of the i 0 euk7tvh(+ofollowing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies ,xc45izvdw zjvn)1t *to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the foav),ipcd,n(, zogbm ht(j6 1jnm:wn7 5, ghq rllowing would bind to the position labelled R?rg,t(,jvn( bo1im,hhmq dng576jan cp :w z,)

The diagram below shows the replicatioaidliz049df g/n b/c(;:znim n of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transhv3- rk2g-xro0 b+qzlcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livinb*6wal779fml,rg i xc g organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated nxlm7cwr b7l,g 69ifa* umber of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic code. 6.nyk .j(plon

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecueliivz3 1-g7 u,xd cv,le.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the numb jfc wh3*gb+4jer of genes in its gencjb*h+3 jwf4g ome?