Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function o8 . epsk,jcea s /h4+lzhy.r4iup (st)f a named pro z(pa,+ t.4sk)/e uh.8sh erjsi 4lcpytein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material codind8f 1y6xs9mb rg for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutation1v1c 7l2inx sms?

  The diagram below shows2fuu c6mzijj +zh9o 2) the genetic code table.

  Which of the following stat /*l yon/d k(rt uy -7kmuhrs9)y1fv4nements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds? jta)x8 bpd17md+ 8khseb tf0vijk-5;
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic;:tenbh;d 9mn code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following c6 5h 8v4,jcivpno, vmkontain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic codebn k fvx1p/x9-.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for th .)lrdmpa:uk,ovs;: eik :/ec95 mb ive functions of these. 5bk:li m:oe;u )v:epdac,v9/mksir sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the gza1 wsaz :z/1wr*zh x4,m2sngenetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation yx) i9f- w*;dae9(e0hghidpxof a dipeptide from twoxiw-9fgdpa 9 i(0yh*h;e) xe d amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translad d;f3 t0qvl*mtion.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What stj (vyzi x1mx r5hld,5 mjxvdu;2 :/)ixructures are indicated by the labels X, Y, ;miv/hzj21)5 idxm5(yul d, xxjr: vx and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic c.y urhp,m8 g8gb0 c)gnode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements aboutr jg4utzmq-:2 translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following showsw(h+2q wd/o18wfs8ep cjeo+d the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein mtlw 0po. lb;m h6rutnu9;.m0 composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino acidsm..tom6wlu; p0nlbu ;h9tr m 0.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotk1s0( rzvjn2rar0b;n 0po7no ides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a m tz2v r65nnlx jb4r8f8olecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. x r268l4r5vz8 tbjn nf

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not prod ed3osg4gc11gal9 9fi+n/k*y.ikrczuced. Which of the fo f1i 4dyg 1eacz/ki*r3g+9o.k9 lcsgn llowing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of *mqob(-wwm zzc)2) lga mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?*q l)wz )bgwmz-2(omc

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotes?4 1b; ,0ieanhu)( doze p3ilxd

  The diagram shows a tR*ppi ,t+ lcrk-NA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelk -*l+trpc, ipled R?

The diagram below shows the redwuw:gubb ,k3.k-*z j2ijn)1dbacn4twk g 4;plication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcridcgls ,7r * wk(h7ftofcnq,i;rrw823ption.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have *) stz i9r z*u3wbua41nyxlm+different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated numbet**)zs9 l3xurz+ nawi 41y ubmr of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteripjk5nw07 24kk1 cpejc stics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of they6s +o+ldl h/t DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcriptz47makxgc n+g /ds+u)s than the number of geness4xu+ + m /dkcn7gagz) in its genome?