Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and fun 3)ahwp z8-rokction of a named prook-w3hrp a)z 8tein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material c hkas tisy vz*95u sa512s2h9ioding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause dm i-1yp9i)b,c q)sfzmutations?

  The diagram below shows the gency8sw 1z/sao1ta9 0fvc/dha: etic code table.

  Which of the following statements is,ksunmhh+n 0c-yv bs- -b+hc 1 false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide v 6 4x1vzbnkj:dxf )0obonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code q7ype2p:g0dl .

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds? 21jycb;n cauyl,o 6po v( :-ho
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the gene*fih26y0xg us tic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Wv8:f .mttr hc33o7jl e t5 .l4fn9plnehich statements are correct for the functions of thes 8 35letlpf.4jt7n.let 39v h :mfrnoce sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetp/zsm* eq(;*:h jtli4,wxe yjic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formatioznp3fs o6bs: ;n of a dipeptide from two amsp3szn:fb 6; oino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of transodrt+ ya;7( zh cdxg;+lation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicate;,hi l9t6au8ag8 plfed by9 heu tpf8a;,gi8la6l the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the uj,)add ex8 9p zqd3w9genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements aboutws ei 3afm/waj a30nj,cg6ukk3m,z:6 translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA sh 4o-16 whrlrcynthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below show9/t gx79tqqfk s a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains tfq9x 7/ ktqg920 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleoti n,4nt1plklax8/k o u+des:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays o-)j 6wn +y+b 5 fkqgmq-aede/7y3jsp an important role in protein synthesis. q7y+-gsw )adymj5k e6j - +e/3qpnofb

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mu6 vo 8w7z qtmyx8plfm2j,m(5s tation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this q8 2(v8lpf,xzo sym m5t 67mjwtype of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of evtc- 1o1usohsln9- t; r2+zba mutation, which of the follo1ltu-9 ns2ho1+ze -c vrbt ;oswing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies 8s-q qtel9 r92f5hdxpgy4r k6 to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a ts x j1r5gx.gcquj.lur w*;4- gRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labell15gjg.j rxxug.s*ulc4 wqr-; ed R?

The diagram below sht h3q3juc-g 0*q vdev)ows the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotit*,rm)1obm 1q xoy3luc transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livingay+j7hj ,f2 bl organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows y,jabfhl+27 jthe estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the geneticb3 rfyr9nhv0r cx /)nc hl5,i: code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short frag7l 9mne)b v r3n*mv:nb+1o : v/iabw )m;hegcrment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger x,k5w(c qrr(1u rg3 zinumber of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genoi1x (qurr5,(gcrz w3 kme?