Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a named prm z gm5:xlr/9,axq1obotexom/r59:a,xgl q1b z min?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding f+fmu*k5t 2 f wpv610 dxhbnok4or proteins?

  Which of these does not cause muta wuos yu6tffr+ 6y h/wlw,(z+* v)v7qrtions?

  The diagram below shows the genetic co02 r /geyuivey.6 m/vb3 orw*kde table.

  Which of the following stat. fc(ed-oc+osements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain pe. :csq1ge*e/t xbw9qu : uk7wyptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code. l4rxxci2p-h +kod1;i

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following containx v,q45q7rzllh mvavfm-7(d 9 peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic c.et/x f frf+f-ode.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for thz8+bx6 xmlzb5 e functions x+b x86 l5zmbzof these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ myeq(. e25ujcyean?

  Which of the following reau9 7*tcdz*fdf5p9qmx n 3z,hi ctions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino qm9,nfx9 zcfhd7p5u it*3z d *acids?

The diagram below re(va42 x;fyjjhjlh.ix87pb+cpresents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows howp *zc6 :qsgx dolw;8u j/4:jr sj7ug)j RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z? j gcjzuxlwj q87/ ugs:j*) :6rsd4op;

The diagram below she7y sev5zwox2 m o3bd,663ykb)ypmy 8ows the genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not true jn/ 2bxnxatplp+wpco,95 2u(?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the followi3l2 uho.kq+k7dm qyy.ng shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polyp0pd) ym vn6rnj5ggy/ -iagl*hn +9*eieptide chains, each chain containi/y5hn* e 0d)g6yn njgpaig l-9+v m*rs 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) stra iav6sf an93zrrhwik9;k): p (nd of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a mo 2s7,rg 5pjf5yvd( prxlecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. r7 5grpv2(yfs, jxpd5

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon w9e702b9ax xqvjw mr.is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence ofb q 9 w0wjex.97avrxm2 this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed ih9849u vx-kbpvpka +wr un0 z(n an animal as a result of a mutation, wk4w(u v0hz-+9x8v pb npr9ukahich of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only appliesu,pcxefz,j:x c u0 7x4 to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following woya- yd d+ k*0vpr0hf3wuld bind to the posihfk*d- 30 p+0awyrdv ytion labelled R?

The diagram below shows the rep;fhgc79n rk f1lication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eud 4h10 h5vnrpnkaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms hxxelsfcy+p9/(+c7jw k wc ,; wave different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table jw7+fw; py(lec9wcs/xc kx+, shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic cay:i ljk/l2u2 ode.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule.s7e1y;vb dd0m


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than th,tv; od1c :cwkljb( w4e number of genes in its g1;d:cb ocwj ,4ltw(v kenome?