Which row in the table correctly describes the shape+ ;ao-ntgmnkh 4)eb 8p and function of a named protei hp+t-bgk4); nmn8 oean?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proteins+px)ne ey ;+,2ytnhxm?

  Which of these does i, 6y*a*vt ov2l*ielo not cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the ge0l 2 h2y3 qsla1dcte v16kfcu6netic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regard r(2 1lim+u2gnf.yt5 gzo jt0ling translation?

  Which of the followi.khryxcm8 9g. ng contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic4,t ocf5p 1mch code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following conxrdn +bhb,wr*t02kj 7z 3mqm(tain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic code. *.f otu u8f:o5iglmy 2


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the f p; -xj)f9axqhunctions of these sitqfx xhjp;)- a9es?

  What does the phrase ‘the8zix am+t7mp( 4 +kdhf genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from t9ea vov6 +(ooqwo amino9 +eo v(6aqovo acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translatio4 cs+a fo+y36 ;emadbmn.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What strujlemg8 m3hl,h 54psuzj-2n m;ctures are indicated by thz23lu5m s8ljmnmp4h g-eh ;,je labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic ciimfc qo 8hjo6-zsu bsv0qd 29,26zh*ode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about transj.bba7kn3, mvs:l/som1ndyi+ 2jm- plation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence ofzt/+yql:uv mj f9 1,ez mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide cxsxr-t.k7uj l*z: hgke19. qshains, each chain contains 20 am 7 ujheqls1rsk-k xxgt :z.9.*ino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA cydzc6 8f+a+.wlf1v*y/ x ryz8nik +hlonsists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule thatg0 )it6 m6/ g/rhpt,.virtrf56dyrg k plays an important role in protein synthesis. .rd6hg,0gtv /ftrgirry5tpi 6m 6)k/

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs5i d).fw *renk/w/qne and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the f/. 5fewrnn kd*qi/ we)ollowing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation,3 d fcdlb(zk)6 zc)ld3d( b6kfwhich of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translatib/gee b bd.zp7t62t omyh*8z;qqh0t -on only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tR(lo/.qqy f/mlNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelle.mqo(fylq//l d R?

The diagram below shows the replication of D0- :qo mzn;bvkhz -vy.NA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between sejt1u; ro:y7 eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers 67/+cu4 hoyg ik5jl mpof genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated +oy5glmi67 j4pc/uh knumber of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the ge uno )cw4f/t2-5dnoh inetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA h*40rjmny ldxt+k 1;f molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a largeb /jxs*+hln, *u1y4q 5yw *il sz 5(xiv7lqncer number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its gzjqq uls1*l5cs xyxi*, 7b/4 n*hv5 (niylew+enome?