Which row in the table correct6q f djb1fqr hd3q-i*x 8fh;4ply describes the shape and function of a named proti3jb*d x hf-d 4fq8qrh;p6 1fqein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for6wt+jktb;4 s. w rp8xv proteins?

  Which of these does n.ap vsx 6;oo2pot cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tabdp guu586;k+x uztoj7 le.

  Which of the following statements is fa nxwb8)j d k8ctk6+zcxi2,c7blse regarding translation?

  Which of the following cont;y6p*fn k0n5f19juh y8 cjl ofain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic c.g la pc7j .f7h7-viioode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain zthcyk/:qu 2y 1(-4gv ned/ukpeptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic code. r +5:enko xjszlgg/k3c+96zd


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements areko 8nn+hpys/)q gl; ;c correct for the functio ) ;oknh/8g sl;cn+yqpns of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genxw,ceohcdo r6qns(tw p,xwe d.fb )(*46r:w)etic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following react3 m.ekq 6q4.1f5zhvmgvf hbk8ions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two ak4h v.khz3egb658ffv mqq.1m mino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translationu 3 f8v,ld9v( tgev4r8ua,ci q.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What struc52uce (lx ulo8tures are indicated bcluu 2(olxe5 8y the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic code.eabtap-9m*b9c k+h; m 1o/szd


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not taqzqfoi1 pifsq 2vmg;22h ..;rue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence off6 oo/l0 ff nm3a5x5uy mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three+flt1 i+lq:vu polypeptide chains, each chain contains 201 ll:+ituq+fv amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisens,foud lqinl*6q 6: aw7e) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthesisgfw l6l cm/m5(. (fl/mw5mc6gl

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a ) 0:n6xioq knj b:tiu:stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of nt6:i uo)k q:xjbin:0this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a g-1 (empylmq9rz:jh.result of a mutation, which of the following could most signific(mm.9qzr-y1 : pjglheantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation6kz kgo0( se2 hq;-z(kfsmsi0 only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecuvvl9;4 afe phri2o6n 2le. Which of the following would bind to the positv692o42fa ;r inh evlpion labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of DNAx gq 61jrt4t9o.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between euka2yorrqn/cw7m6j ,zf1 ryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms :s-(rkfig sy*have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes fss-( ykr:*ig for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the charactbsse z* b.fd ( ;pel9(6.ombneeristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment 8j0;rfqigjwe* m/ klbmz /15)fqh6n kof the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger numbz4 .,c81uc-tf+vc e:b i xztvher of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its +htucx. :,14 zivzcv-c f8betgenome?