Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a named r j7 dy4r+k:0n (bd5p x wfxw1/et0gziprotein?05 1zwp r xr7 i4n/k(ty +f0dg:wbjedx

  Which nucleic acid carrie;6frt u4aowwi34ea k;g/l . xps genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutat,xtd2t c5lc , yq7es+pions?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code table. b:h;x+u 23+ pkt i cve4adcqf*

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatiowx*:xhmdu6/ w6e0adw n?

  Which of the followitk5z , +:qfw qtk+s:jong contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic k2)vso,rw2h: cpd 7j bcode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonilym lbsh(+ t 3 :nm2gqjk-j4/ds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the cg-+g 8ym6dyblx .w;w genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binlh)lr 7a-gu-t(0kn v3,hzx kx ding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of these sites?hrzvkau0(x nx ghtll- -,73)k

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ /vq.ir b0p ,7f6bv zjymean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formatihrify5cqpwm0 ;8xa v5 dx,n /q f.c-l:on of a dipeptide from two amino acimqwf8 :;xfpq 0ixr -ay5nhclcd5v,/.ds?

The diagram below rept0 3dc(5yceij89 ioojresents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is mbo1/zs i r(+ntranscribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z? iz+r1/os n(mb

The diagram below shows the g7z:dz 8lc92mfev ju2/iri0mmk+ 2rgbenetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements abou:kp182xfsuj zgcz.o5)o j ln1t translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following showt2 hz lr7qaqu. .-fb9is the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein compopn6dck)fyy hkg( .2:54qli hb sed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 ay5ck( kdin. yf4)gh6 :2lh pqbmino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNi*uooari0an2*cb-kr . 66s kaA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthesiwftj11qd 4w4bjn l*2 zs. j 42wn1t jdzq lfbw1*4

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation ochwnuzr9c+tlr t:k7ve. f /o/ 5curs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence o n /rtw7fvtlcz e/+:5u9rhk. of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mu+hkfag. iy/-e tation, whic+fg .khi- y/aeh of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only *gbtp zgs6s*7 applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following wp*b,d6jo*hbf s6/i ewould bind to the position lafo6*jeibb, *s /wh6pdbelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of DNA. fvr:kvcqfq1.)m)ipmhn i3- -v3 z7iq


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukar j;dl zhcgk e-h1z-qqnlw*161yotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have dif a8uou,0hnk2l ikqo9v6w/j* z ferent numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated i hoak/jnku6 2 uo*9l,z0vqw8number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the charact./5 wwjw6wusutfm8 um+7)c nderistics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule. 8ghmrpk+ 45f j


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transm.b5kss eawr(2.tfv5 cripts than the number of genes in .t5vsbe.2 mf a s5kr(wits genome?