Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a named pe eme;ma4am06hx(; k xrot6xa(ahk4e;mee m x m;0ein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for protein h3n/q6 qx(vygzwc6v* 4 7ncfqs?

  Which of these does not causeoz qt 17/26. pffm;, alodxeiq mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tab;tn(d9 h7gfxfhte -w)le.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatiev0+aq :wn 3gafv9z-z on?

  Which of the followinkaygd8wis7 /8g 1ei.ag contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code24b(hnj*i. qoi1aq*/pqaccd .

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bondsn6a 0.vptf9gk?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genet8 rjkt43 ug2b o2k9fldic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are coett z7 dz68:: ,ssuhpbrrect for the functions of:bhst:zts6du, e7 z 8p these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genet5+rpx+nwl h 0fi6/n kzic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in/ju3 7dgp kcu/vpd7, c the formation of a dipeptide from two c,c7//dv udg3 7kjp puamino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of tav y6:)qdfshx, 8;rwl ranslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how R 39y:qog5rl hoNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by togqo9r 5 yh:3lhe labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetapd*5pq3e5khc6sq/ m +mz ga4 ic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not truen,*wc5j6h)/ f xuatn9+jo wcc?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct se gt .ynutx..l9ej(:v iquence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of thrtndlabi1+ 4x,a *az7pee polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 *b,a17axizt4a+nd lp amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consistsgbg6rm wr70ye f -6ne/nnc3ym. )qmh 5 of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molee koe+nu1kf 9e: d2j6zcule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. +eje9deuznk2 6 k:of1

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is 56e wum1x ul*tnot produced. Which of the folmu1x e*5tl6w ulowing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result op;3 *xp,f wdtgf a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues;tx*gd3, wppf in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prx*06jejl axw 14j*ep 3n hfsrzz*zs: :okaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which o/usfvcv0et1 ,qj a+t2 t5c 8 jwlw14mtf the following would bind to the position labe t5ca81/0wt2vtcle fwq v 1t+ujs4mj,lled R?

The diagram below shows the replication o5 jqd-4 nbl rfay3hfoo9fm972 f DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcri8 fag5 vv46zjxelz* 0sption.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes charx/x1 v ;wf n2 ouc3)ln9tmg3mnacteristic to them. The t 9xwnx mf 2u ;m3ng1v3)c/lontable shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the go+c by78oh 7b hzuje-6enetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a:i;rf rl ce;*6qh;l+ z*evulx vo zd-- short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than )sya / -;k 3gl nc;,d2ejjdntithe number of geny lg j3kst;ine;adj- /,cdn) 2es in its genome?