Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and funw,gi/bp pdpxj2 p xxf2( - m4ynfw1c fcc233;wction of a named proww gc p3 pcj;fnxx,f(c 4/px-yw2 m2pf1d3i2btein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for u6-e3j,nor fchbdxr1 7 2/itf proteins?

  Which of these does not causnchcu+,va,.-a yg4khe mutations?

  The diagram below shows the4oc/jczn.+fj c ; yji+ genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regardi:cv;w8 cvx-k0 rcnbo )t /vh4et0na0bng translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide b:zh bl0:scr+qm 1zmc, onds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geneq,to+z- g- hpetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following cont sw2ss/)pyrdd1+s d+jtfm w59ain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genet6d 3s srke5 3.qh3nbm+i nfto(ic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which stateme:/ c;l gv)ymelnts are correct for the functions of theselye)/ lm: vcg; sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code i )gkv3w6 vcb4sb-xq2z/-fkz a s universal’ mean?

  Which of the following rea,:zb) rqecv exij4kk-vb . y++ctions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amxe.v be-: +rj),iykbk+vzcq4 ino acids?

The diagram below represents the pr)b9p dk h2ddk9ocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What f7 xqt bqtgp 85l).*ywstructures are indicated by the labels X, Y, andw .b7*x)f 5yp q8ltqgt Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic code6u.2c gucm3 :qaior 2s.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are nj .k6ov qmil7tr1q6qf +6:m mkot true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mbmn6) vwwj -8eiy) t:mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of th*w;i( br10x fmc f5t tak e4tf0m08maqree polypeptide chains, each chain containrf5 mm(0 cfmfkt w008txi1 bqt*ae;4as 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) s l0ecll;5dh 4ltrand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role inv usg. h6tj17t protein synthesis. g7svt u1.h6t j

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codokf quo4jxp o8f)a vv.*uwj dk4.5 x*g7n is not produced. Which of o.84j.g v7pf uk d* )a u*qxvow5j4fkxthe following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell t8g y3x1p2+pi rslku1is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the foll+l piut3sp8kr1 21ygxowing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryoteki2a)-eqzw4e bc,z 6 ss?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molect/b ztj 9oemlw*7u 36nule. Which of the following would bind to the positnb6 t*ej o m39tl7/wzuion labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication (xd((f6d z cplk kf4i0of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription. 9icmb2pu ug7l2+-r cjy / k7p xqar91a

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living org : 0fmcx:3srm 56pjl7q sxfx9sanisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated numxf3m7qc: 65mxsrssx: j0lfp 9 ber of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic col; ddmuow 4k4(de.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of th5s4b xwq fgumh90sz71e DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA tra4o+ nj3wkdzy7x g09af) j u: lg;3auounscripts than the number of genes in itw kuy7nd3j:ga;za o30o4 )9 f+luux jgs genome?