Which row in the table correctly describes ,djvdc+ sh l)8the shape and function of a named protein 8h,+sjcdvd)l?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic materiibghyt, frycn-p61 76al coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not c1-aww h**h;jbjqepur n u7 h)1ause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code table.k6qxl rtsb;z32z xb xh85kf ,.

  Which of the following statctuo ;4+kexzj 3 9cs/jements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following containe-w vc7b fce o5m95:b+6egayzif5 8om peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetpb x7x4j1npd e.dz 7c2ic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bo/6ufw, urvxm o6tzk 6,nds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic code. ;ygj3o7tr )aq


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bin7c;* *vjlhtou ding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of these sitjc;**ho7 tlu ves?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ meankc:8y0 h0 -mruusy /pn?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide fro o *5ntnl*)o98b/i nf tegq(ocszqo;. +i/sajm two /en jg noz;+cqinb l*st8)i5t(o *9 o/as.foq amino acids?

The diagram below represents the pro8 7qu rz6sxgrn.c2/wnwdo . u)cess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicwf-abw9 bc+) 4z eav9 d/43dxxvpr7fuated by the law9u/v)wp b-ebfxa479 v3rdd cfz 4a x+bels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the t 2pq( s3x+grygenetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about tr w 2)(lnuff-yganslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows thw 58ucnu.r p4p+tv ho )yvkl/h2+pg:ae correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shotc6a 0-0e gwjows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain cona60 tge0oc w-jtains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nuclt gna;l f+ *qjgd0rpc3r 0-bxm7 8m.nfeotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecclzhuz5 haleuf 36a/67t 05zsule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. hzla ua7u06e53f/zh zct5 ls6

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Whw1u mus0ha,l)rw :/ 9 uw79*emrm*f0mufuoq fich of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of muu ms /f71q0uwo ur),w*em ulh*wa90:fum9 fmrtation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changedk x/*tib) s/iu in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most)txkb//uii*s significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokarfhx 5y nn/.1p3e +p igqra;yu7ab9om ws6,t*lyotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA moleculef7 oo)szys.d :. Which of the following would bind to the positds ).oof :yzs7ion labelled R?

The diagram below shows to-eh*kceh 8 vt,-h4ache replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transc +y0y +qay9lweopo:-kription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbemm:6l b hd5wh mo0+7br qo*8fprs of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of ge5hroqm6:obph*8f m+ mw7 ldb 0nes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteg,-vhh+g .l:lfrj )r mristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows tatr ys 56:5eoa short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce b1n +vhi1c1fz - -6qubx/bppda larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of11 qcbv bxp dfu-h1p-i/z6 b+n genes in its genome?