Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a named b:.s; uzooab*t9y(keprote *(.bbtasko:eoz9 y u;in?

  Which nucleic acid carries genet2homs9m fs)-zpoz 7(:mc ii w/ic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause m(t9 vppsdm.0zv s q9a0dy .d2,qhivh+utations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic codeohedfppfd -why92p7spv *526 table.

  Which of the followin mlo52d 9dbsf4g statements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following 4/*5jv vflrpxcontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetisk;6o+q3 d6ikq5e0 zmo ffro.c code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain;gr )hyb wu40vpk hp3; peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sho, 7zxfg obx5/(+d nuzfjm*jv) ws the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sit8tghas+m(g(y es. Which statements are correct for the functions of (h(8gy+ am gtsthese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic co;b vpf pvo-l,7de is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions rj/h bc/ar 9rb;tpf slj//5mu (esults in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acidscr jlb(a;f 9/psj5bm/r //hut?

The diagram below repre d,f e .)j+c)u+jqag0 +nopeimsents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA.n*zb:onyxs 1 lilz035ka6p,y What structures are indicated in l*p3,:nzoy0lsb6y5a1 zkxby the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic codbu2e .ihm3x-5zu8tdqbv.5 uue.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about t hx0 3tzi1*cdpranslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the co6ir9n1 g:yi cdrrect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chrqqkz,w1g- 9qkq h)duh 6z76bain contains 206-7 dqq9uk16, q )zkhhr qwbgz amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the+u b.a94 gzey6al2tnp following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an impi v+b* tq./dllmd( ji8ortant role in protein synthesis. im8i vl j+td b*.(/qld

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produc -trz( ,o:, -vkijkqqhed. Which of the followkvr:(qhj,zi- -toq, k ing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a resux k+uku s4t)d/lt of a mutation, which of the following could most)kxut +k4d/s u significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about transla8ahveg-a s2 g7tion only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRrhi qfvb(b)/yr,gipv 6( .o *uNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labe,bo( vyrgi).vq*rp uf i(6b /hlled R?

The diagram below shows the replication ofugh p.id; 76gq ,tt)gb DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and pxob; 2o :w 5vhp0zyn.krokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of gene(xrr(x .n9oervyv +mwup..p (zt ;j* ws characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes fn9+( .r wm; por.x(jexrwz.pyv t vu(*or five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the ge;mz6tvw+xx * + ego:afl .ruu7netic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA moleculdu *qsbs3c+a1e.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote pritqu1et-*;91 0o izyzn pra5h oduce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of gez uh 9qr5iypi*a01 teton1z;-nes in its genome?