Which row in the table correctly del4 aa.i fhc( y)2dveay lo:3zb(u6 g3nscribes the shape and function of a named protein?b4uzy():glhd.(fyao6 la 3v2 a3ncei

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic mjdt)e3 rer ;9qz. eyvy469 mukaterial coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not z+ uotmqsnp2 . kv:4j7(e tza8cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tabkxq27ho jn o.5le.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding transl -t;zkhz6sg3 m 4(agsd8:ubpi ation?

  Which of the following contain3-/v2l6tewv ew ce)v6ao(w ws peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the x( j5rnezu bj1(5b/cl genetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the followinnuy1g)kc/( w5x gk d;qg contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetiqgb1 c04k.aojc code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding )rsr*n pbmk 9b2w -0arjvpj08 sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of these sites?0jvj *p r0 k9mp-a 28nrrbsb)w

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universa9 32 lhbtwbyus41x9pel’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a 7bm.6rjkm i pql/y0t o62 enj3dipeptide from two amino acids?2tlbr mn p3k./o076ijj6qy e m

The diagram below represents the process octkp7s rse 3t .yhqj7q,s,4h2f translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is kw6g jvm, x7+fce;w .qtranscribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z? j+7 qgmw;c.f6w,ev kx

The diagram below shows the genetic 2x 22cjxxja 7tomm6v)code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translatin7/ls)z oy juqh, 4xz5on are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following 8b j3sqq+a)9xevyf/xshows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each( i1-qfw)b*i v uyc.4bsz9bia chain contains 20 amino acib1* )qivizywc.fb- 94asb (iu ds.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consis 3czsfgcl1 xe13z;p 8jts of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule tha/-xb io- mtt:(fiiq,yt plays an important role in protein synthesis. , bfi(/y- tiiot-mx:q

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs+mtgvvkkcwq*4 u,9 h 5e+oy i4 and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of tvo cuk94mwk+ ihv4e q,5yg* +mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell iskd/ 9;w .u-mrhsl fzr/3jjg2 f changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other ts fwjf- k.gr/mjrdl/9 z3u ;h2issues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only b.uernw oq1+ub/s2 : fapplies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind t(i (djoa2mq i- fp2.fh:e gca+o the position labelled i(2jff+oa mi.- (c2d g:ap heqR?

The diagram below shows the replication of 8)t-zp:v r*vnbtb m :fDNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryoticcm:- t :n cdtblsrh7r:j+e)* g and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organipr6pg;z fv1 ads3+on8 sms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five specieds +;oappfzn3vr86 1gs.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics ofmsrnt5i): /2i0n l etf the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule.m 3k*qwj- mqpdy-u2yr p1zq7 nt/) (bx


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts thaw4bfp/9d (c0u/ 0o atpnhmg6x1hcuu+ n the number of genes in its gp t(do hmf6p0 ug x+/ 1u4un9a0/bcwhcenome?