Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and fun;t 5tl+(ayzrux zznx b(/2ar;ction of a named proteruat5yxzna2zrx ; (+lt / ;(bzin?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for/d5 ;mm2a/emzu r7x 2.okoelk:;ugld proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutaw6 m.r ,ev5/jldor6pt tions?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code table. )4v+tql.gsva7zm) vjb4ib 0y

  Which of the following statements is false rega j9rl80p5u(ciolv j 4hrding translation?

  Which of the following cre8+:dixs4m wp2rh3oc xx ;u9ontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genekcv-e0 i8c vj6xaf24u:s cd8htic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain pepr0oj,de8x / +8kzv6brbntsp qy.t8 v; tide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the gis i3c,;,tmc yfj8zt4enetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three;/brxe0vr 5 +7rngc4rhstlp1 binding sites. Which statements are correct for the function /vgs n5ltcebr+7hr rp;4x1r 0s of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the 7vr4yk +w5pno genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the q(chk+1jf: r9tczr ble* :d5pformation of a dipeptide from two hkzc +rldq 5*fcjt :bp91re: (amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of pbel m3fk yfp1 km7.9/b5l ;zvtranslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are izms+6x /f/jfqndicated by the labe fx6/ qf/msz+jls X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the hqse8q 5f7*pw)t-o yfyp r0u.genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not t*zy p ili/3e-irue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA syntc(5 scuqxa/k:q+u(w uhesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide cn)+ryh(k:q qq.tk w+5vh.heiv), xhnhains, each chain t,(+): v vqrwhn.kh.k yneq)x+5 hihqcontains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand bxza 2j, eh1dkpi t+(0of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthespl:p(j: /m3,q38 c y jwtrqgquis. : q/gqpcjtrm ,wluqp 833 jy:(

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is n:h qv cn.bmc:,ot produced. Which of the folcc.b,mnvh ::qlowing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in mq+4om8 mlqm, an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the aqqm8, 4+mm omlnimal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokad,man.ch )a+oryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would:fas;va*1 gjitd 1m q. bind to the positgajqivfm d:sta *; 1.1ion labelled R?

The diagram below showgtl)hw ipi l/;f.1sdvb5/* vvs the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriph7iy 92yhung8gh5qc -g fu1 e3tion.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes chmf,hdvs9 i1gn1(otv. eu *fd8xzujcx2 4ww9)aracteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of ,w.1)u8xjefcd2ov ghm4ux sv z19dfti (9wn*genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the charactacmz 9u:n iria)0pe7p0 2m lb*eristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a s5 cliokx k),2v;ycg- short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote prpg2 f5knz0)q xorocwlq1 /05ss)ln-loduce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genomewcos/20osl)g 1kx0rpzll5n 5qf) n q- ?