Which row in the tab;q.;/sk 1g bb:t phze6fpn :vw ysl-8kle correctly describes the shape and function of a named pro;w:the/y kb s;pb- n1kfsz68. :glpv qtein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for prn .-vwsi6a. xcoteins?

  Which of these does nc)tp v9:)vwe9k b-wilbiv qk+q. r)(iot cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic co+18qnbr jqf5t1zsjf iy j9u 93m+u:t a1aa5lode table.

  Which of the following statements *gm0.2t7 vwl e .sa/kuaqcqm)is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following cont+xyv d.:itgknkau-*(otz3 l.2-dr hwain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the ge: 7af0ocz;k, 9c/epjlwet fn5netic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain pemsajh-src;:h thes 4,lh lt.5,v) -ciptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic cs9-:flvu az yu5mz:4 wo1lds) ode.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bhmck0 ;n; p6xoinding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions ofoxhcm60p;k n; these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal; txf: v(z;jmd’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of at 6jk.fs 9 npcsk*07wd dipeptide from two aminswfcp* .kdn79s0kj t 6o acids?

The diagram below reed.7 6v b:2yn)rl 63wcgrprdhpresents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are in-xb sogkgb qh,;:xd/ 9dicated by the labels X, Y, a ,qgh9g : bb-xosx;kd/nd Z?

The diagram below showsv (6vc: kdqv;w the genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about tranr:ajd 5 dwcz/a;o7 qf; ncvj(,slation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shopg36zz ;js mnb1z b7b9sw8ra1ws the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a proteinh0 7ef(gisvu,+n3m dg composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contai hume70( g,3vis nfgd+ns 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consistsw tf.b )fd)n8m-zi /3b ss (xnftrvoro9n7q1) of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that playeil(w3wzlthx k 9zb24)gw*gzqj8t * 3s an important role in protein synthesis. b*wq3zz8t*x (hwzg 2)i4k3 l9 t jlgew

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon iq8fbxhhwoweb 01i v+ 79*,zfms not produced. Which of the followevb x h*,f08 w7 o9+wqzbfmih1ing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an d;v +b75t,ziamx ml30(f liwnanimal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in , lm3(n;id05v 7bmiazxwl +tfthe animal?

  Which statement about translation only kzt8+(ut8 thwapplies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following wous 3e m8gv1n3uqt oa td4nnj*ndv)j8;8ld bind to the position label3qm)d *vvos8a 3n t18d48j ejgtn;nunled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of w z+r);2xr.eia1jv ,bprn,vqDNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic a8 )opxf 7v:zycgx7 mugf*5advx9s,* znd prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livingvooh37 iqn /w* z(9xcq organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of o(xvwnqo 3 i7hc/*zq9genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristic:k0+yiltv ty0p yo. q*s of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a shor +v;jvanw* oo*t fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger 2x /m/euf 2p1(xikltynumber of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes xfuk (em2 t 2iyp/1lx/in its genome?