Which row in the table correctly describes the shxmlw )h1 77ddaape and function of a named proteihxm7w1d ld)7 an?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for protein eb*lk91ih +kcs?

  Which of these does not qmru6 g;n43ad ox u77ycause mutations?

  The diagram below shows :;ekl:exo; k lthe genetic code table.

  Which of the following statem pfoni*k:0 c.obq3u, wents is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contqw*.aq)xz y7 v:7o xyzain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic cof7 g;amf8 ik x726pazdde.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain -;+,avd kya itqeom 94/ssba6 pr ;f2opeptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows thecvchk7o n3ng6m4 uca4 im: l,oru+u26 genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements arij *7gwjfp8d)e correct for the functionidj7*g)8wf pjs of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is univeg mh kic,4h;zg0zyx4mm -41 vursal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipep0x m6u;,.:k cjimxfny tide from two j;kmy6cm 0f,xux.n: i amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of trans3w:eb6s:biz2mb3au flation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicatmk ud:b dx h,ooz4h.3/ed by the labels X, Y, and Z?dm k 3. hubdhx/4zo,o:

The diagram below shows the genetic code. *wi+zx3y/xcqy- e ;hj


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translz )f9 n4:ehghzation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correc ujgtr h111ks0t sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, 7y-ufl1h vlk.each chain contains 20 amino acidlv .1ukh-l7 yfs.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotin/sb g ;wej7(r v7qm2ldes:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an impoj558 es9 vnaur kf.;5wvifvq 4rtant role in protein synthesis. 4k5u8fwvevn.9 af55v;qj rsi

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs a : h+ nejdl.ic;yasv(5nd a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possiblacj5l:;s v.+yhd ien(e consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somaticst v 7sgs)(wcuye8cc kg 51ud+b+30et cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of th gw 17+(tcgsec) k y3d+ce5u0sb8uts ve following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation onlknfa, 77ch-r ly applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Whichc cz( (e/zatd6 of the following would bind to the position labelled R 6te ((/zdzcac?

The diagram below shows thh 08;(w .y nobouzuhiq8aev /1e replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcript* g7y3:fkkc ed(sv 6acion.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms haverlb,ecwc;(qtd bs.9ha nhr 9g7dp4/; different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five g .;h4dbarw qbdh;79rl9/ tcp ,cs(e nspecies.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genvc6sy6kyy 5+cy5ix2q etic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragme3)c n rmrjgf.xlcq :3*nt of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transc9qvg7d boa,, ) jt8aghripts than the number of genes in its genom,8q abgj7 ho9v)g atd,e?