Which row in the table correctly dk3z :c5d :mot-ta ku4kpz4g5 tescribes the shape and function of a named prot-5tazo: gk4 : pz 4ck5tduk3mtein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic pv 8.0u qnvkw 9e1uks5se+po4material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does spcn 2n ec3y7c7rgd.+not cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genet-xag:2)z1hb0:rvhnj ju- mpsj yf/b4 ic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding transl4i en0fe32lb(qiva- f1:a mct ation?

  Which of the following b 8g.bawf-+se:h,ivb contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic col4fy*cw )7x dlde.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain :8 cd,vm5jim ) e1i8 gslqqs2opeptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the g;(bd( r rqy1 jzsu3*enenetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Wh ibjb7ka *nh6lw16k s4l jui3/ich statements are correct for the functio/ j4hain6jsw6* li7k ubk3l 1bns of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is bm7 o/ea9 ikry ok;8y4vtcept28p, ,auniversal’ mean?

  Which of the following rea72bmtrise,r:l ca:p k4 3)w8ek ehf9 qctions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino8 i t3lerks p4q )w2 7:ma,hkfecb9e:r acids?

The diagram below represents the process of transla9o. x (z15jzj aa6-trlwq l3vktion.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA.l;lmnw p*3xfr2( o gle.*3 xqr What structures are indicated pe;xwoxln r lgr **f3m3q.2l(by the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the ge ).6tvpzjsy ml) vpr;;netic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are nf wlit+yk e cy8q;186qot true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequenacr8 p)0: n 6m2xoqb5k)p do7t ujogt,ce of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each c)kwui,g hdw3+ hain contains 20 amino acids. +)kwu hdg3i w,

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) str 4a/nqwwadik;8k9q h2,fp; 2yzui5w pand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an importq 6avx0ok88j.j:wy caant role in protein synthesis. :80o 6j vjxy8qkwc.a a

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a sto*c1h27tj3i;c gcfc dotjioeh g2:3.np codon is not produced. Whi1tc*ichocofg 3d ih.j2 2t3n:;7 j ecgch of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a resu/ea pha 9i 2buj3d+si;lt of a mutation, which of the f2h/9eia s+bdapi; 3ujollowing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryot6a4y8aee ka7)p)*k ns 2v d4 qqln6ott9kip-ces?

  The diagram shows a tRNA mole0 mwmi qv:)9m n46qcgpcule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelled R? i0:gpnmqvmqwm )49c6

The diagram below showsi/u8zkzl1- y(to:mlj the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic treln8 jxfldbw :hj7/66df; ;m tanscription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of lmm/xc zoo5-es6ha 7i(gieh 56iving organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows m/(hm-7 o5aohxii6z6ge5 cs ethe estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the charactqki(w6 )ja1l re/v( areristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA mo1egrrs +ynm)n t4l6rm9;-cuj 0 xpq 4rlecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a(a7n kep1d-tl larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of gt n7kea-d1 l(penes in its genome?