Which row in the table correctly describes the sha6ug-5o12ysgtnsqq, s pe and function of a named proteinyg-qgsn suo15q6,t2s?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for prote5: 1uio3kkbb eins?

  Which of these does not cause k(984lf6g ;hwqiw znfmutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic co(cjch7izr 6u x 4;b;icde table.

  Which of the following statements irm.bd+q4h 9rm/8 uhqqs false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bozy6gxvft3t x2m 69jxxix. 8 a/nds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geneticyv/tbz b -e18 /,u6j7dssg;jxsi gri2 code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contajpt6 z raav+q(fda5+.4 pvw-tf1 yxd-in peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sho;6ui *f y,+ff vwn0illws the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for t0izdx : bv(.o jfi-3fihe functions of these sites?3:ii jifd.(bo0xfv -z

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ mean mkqxsu:v-kd0:t n svxn *(k))?

  Which of the following reactions a sh8h njp1)d xhqvl0-.g.vs6i s9uu,results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acids g6u.id0-q vp9s)8xljhu1sh,a vn sh .?

The diagram below represents the p7.m-i jb zdv.lzm;5zorocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is to9coqi2zh 4s;ranscribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by2ozqh 4 ci;9os the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the gen(e7x thv,b/sqp g1ll) (cej1aetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translati:nn8p6 umq-w ix ejl5;on are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct seque8 9wy6lje3vmff+3o nn6l(bng e fe 7p(nce of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide z2mwf n8tdov ) okyk:p24- fs)6ar3 jxchains, each chain contains 20fv4kfpsokyxz )26 jmt 3 8da) o-:r2wn amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of tk-k427s0ra3i49cok ku- ys tsk- skbahe following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein :n7v l4hjy-3 j kscrob/65aiusynthesis. ihr:ya/luk3s -oj6c v4j7nb5

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon ip3v9m)x+ tzs wrd9n7yxkv 0o 6s not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this ty 6z w)ok 397ty9dvn0pxmr+ vsxpe of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of - irup0u b;*cb4(:8n wtf uscha mutation, which of the following could mo -:u;p( uwu0bsn *rhf8ctbc4ist significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotes?4p-vqj hd7z l*

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule.skmoi59xtye6t- y )b) Which of the following would bind to the position labelled 5sk it-9y))emybx o6tR?

The diagram below shows the replication of i6dvhf18 ,olk5 1wnkpDNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish betweeqnxqi 45f/dt1n eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of l2 ggdt:6 n7ggviving organisms have different numbers of genes characteristg6 dg n:gg2t7vic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristicsjc- dd(fq) 2qz of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA mw - g1xi6ocg9td/ 6vqbolecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote pro xj0.mm9o+kff duce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of +.0mox9 km ffjgenes in its genome?