Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a .k)60b+o6 eym;ztv fxvb*sbn75 lmlq named proel bz*bf.07st;6y6ol +qk n)vxmv5m btein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proteinpl6 tygxjf80tj09n;b: 8 wdzhs?

  Which of these does not cause xw+,5ky 6v6n tp6k8s f cp6gdqmutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code table.hs38u jjse )y.sv4z14kp(o b i

  Which of the following statements is false regdl3j b g)cca796qdsl 1arding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptidepn c; , z,n16xhjakuh3 bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gene 4g q6d3iy7iag;mdvp0:9 mogrtic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bd z yn-v-g1bc;a(qsq( -a7ek dxlu+l 8onds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows+.f 1p.,;fo 0zia 4vzkogy3s 1 tioytj the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sitescp sh r9qp:2bc;v6 :vh. Which statements are correct for the functions of theh:q:vsc;pr9h 2vc pb6se sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is uniqp wezs/ r,g7:versal’ mean?

  Which of the followin2fxnd6;i pu sw2:q; wrg reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acif2u; wnirwq; 62x :dspds?

The diagram below represents the process of tra ke: ge j-rz/, 81*qf8yok 7w(ovruyoxnslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNlx2:ejxs 38wjA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels w28e sx3xj:ljX, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the geneti lhkt p*cn8g0p7 ye5 u-ej:rk9c code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translatioykttqh e/p9 1( u)h4bon are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA syf/+w. p3 k)yw vk/bjxonthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypepti3dug 1dz2 fre8zt,ty8z+o0iwlcg jde 3:d8 n)de chains, each chain zz 3do)y+g8e1nzd twdcij2 0, dltr38egu :8f contains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand )t6*c 6ldp umdlf3f z-of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protehwl0q(-ru: n ec)3q xiin synthesis. ewq(qnr0h:)l3u- ci x

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs an/ 6h7dl*ze4sio8pbr md a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is ebm*psr7hzdlo4 i /86not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutm3fpx ,9f *0bxid.kwiation, which of the fx x.b3 f9i ,kiw0pfm*dollowing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about 2po2z7wa* r vy2ci)p9 se0dnftranslation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which vro 2l ah;u omvg:+5e45dh ss.of the following would bind to the position l4 uo ls5s+2adve.m5:or; ghhvabelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of uq m y+(imva (ab2)/dtDNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic3t5wmsp.efpwe1( ,6fep8r a c and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes characteri7aishw 1,hsne,6k5 xr stic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five sp k1x7 ashs,nwr5ie, 6hecies.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic code,,r732lmzw t 3enzqgo.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fr h73a 5hnw4qkwe c)lb:agment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger nudht* +o 4sg+0mbx;rgember of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genomxo bet04s+ rmg+d *g;he?