Which row in the table cor gdup 8 a+v:li dna0lcc/)h40arectly describes the shape and function of a named protei8+: ha vlu/0)d c4 p0lagcnadin?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material c(ytzknwq,r4l81( es e)w98 )ev3gbzh7klh nk oding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutatio -k blauch 57.knei;*ens?

  The diagram below shows4 5,-vv3bsjzoj+uux r the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false r2nqf hc(ym8ld8,un t3 egarding translation?

  Which of the following0 h*w2qzyth f6. yzpgtzh2s6 . contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic2)k k*ray5kg.k8pb oh;ttgt6n8w ;v s code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptideyf nj n.z,y2a2 bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sh3wo1vl zk8ni*ows the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites); i+(1wbz3jhjxaiaz b6 ufn, . Which statements are correct for the functions o jf6 bui()zjhnbiwx;1+a ,3a zf these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic cop utk( 35rv.npm4-wfu de is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptidep+cyett v q7e1z8l4 h; from two amino acids?+vp1te;ztc4 el8yh7q

The diagram below represents thlx 5e/:wtx-tdfei p :b+33qj6 n6n gzbe process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed frot.dci5r+- hjs m DNA. What structures are indicated by thehd5t-cri + j.s labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the geneti zm3dvr2k .5yshx c )35-h2thhqdhuu ;c code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about tzh 3*nf/sgjc3 kn *y)kranslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following ;p.h r-3qrz p6l uledr+2oo4 kshows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three p *)wlk r;ndhatl8 t5b3olypeptide chains, each chain contai85*tra; k)w 3t nbhlldns 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense)bvb -/js6 enu53n /;fucjiq3 l strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an imp9g +ewdq7kv9 uz) 1wdqortant role in protein synthesis. )ed7gd uvqq9k9wzw+ 1

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not prod9f0dyfi6jj 93ery4vpk 0q-cvuced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutationrv fy03k9ip-qydf e 9jjc46v0 ?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutatz5r7bxw78cpe(hi o3 aion, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues ic ebopr73wzi7hx 5a (8n the animal?

  Which statement about translationa t us3p44ce.wr qo4/h only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecujg * m2s0vp c4/wj xlik-*c(4xgyy uc.le. Which of the following would bind to the position labellewuypk/ jy4sv4 2l(cjci. g-0gxc*mx *d R?

The diagram below shows the re u+s ds 5l7ao6,qavre5plication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transy l80vrvfel5, cription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of 4c:mrgl vvfwf9n85r ;living organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes:c 98nvrfl45rmwgvf; for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics owb3 tnexvw )h 5(01sxtf the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragmt7vzkfu (0s .ndy b73ient of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA tran 1u8. cjbkes u8ln (i1vts)mz)e2ax2wscripts than the number of genes in it wk1c)jt2vz.1(elns8mix8s ) uu e2b as genome?