Which row in the table correctly dy0je)f2 n5 dxx w bird68m2vd*escribes the shape and function of a named protein?nxw)2ireb0ydfdd x6*vjm2 58

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic mate3k1mht ; un5s9imc:wj rial coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutations?qiva5atdm21k/- exw 4e ;ig, c

  The diagram below shows the genetic xo;t/4d-ng0qvmgea *4t f s* dcode table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding tra7hfo3jl( rk*5vtq(e i nslation?

  Which of the following contain l*tj. q6 kdnr3peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gene q7z8gk 5eqdi/fam91 jtic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following b8e pdha4 yo7 jdkk5 .2-ex1nhcontain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic co.:n3zy bbkaf,z2u +oide.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bind;k a9n fmru4)ying sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of these sites? unrm)ayf;49 k

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ mean9cj+c z6tuj4c * 3- r (zpx5uriqjh/zt?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formatiyak/bb 7;a )bwon of a dipeptide from two amino acaw7 b/ ;)bbkyaids?

The diagram below represents the pr-e ri:rn21 xzl:e-wvqocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed f 64u e-fcfao7 th*05u8dj vteqrom DNA. What structures are indicated by the ltv* uc5ofa -uj7f6e 8h4deqt0abels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows td/ 3 +ztch9 h7g0bisxthe genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not t1t8t+g flsa+g4 ocy:nut06i prue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows 2hposfr+j2- q the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed /znuelgu65f* .j7)x qv4ma*qf:qzhpof three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino aci )q. z /p e6zvu5xhn7*luf4a:gjm* qfqds.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisenswp(9iapln ef-0+p2ulj8 sis )(ugt8e e) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an impo0z15rx1gzjnu; mdvxxnr gp0dn ;2x5;rtant role in protein synthesis. dm 2 u nrx ;5xxjpgnx ;10dgzr;15nvz0

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substituti0f6l0vba+v t tmo i/q 7;ltxf;on mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutat o+viq;7mfvblxa l6f;t/ t00 tion?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, *s gi, jrvk6h*yv03qn which of the fo,*gq6hs3yr *0n vjivkllowing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to p/isrz( .x8 xqn3 s(tw2 dseocgqq7 04arokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would e05di2xpbk;o4(x sq c bind to the position lpo5kd sq4e (ic;x02b xabelled R?

The diagram below shows the replicationf7a79i ldi73-y2e a yt-ekxkp of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukarod)kebmk2 1v2 xn( en6yotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living orgak8.k;fiy ghnjd/+x jh , 40 vql(vgsz5nisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The tabl f q/k4,dggvyhs0 vjlx; .z( 85hnk+jie shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of6.fkoapdb*6xn e .5cm the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows +i(a ) mkafax8a short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produ;bdx ,zv*8,ya z;xufv ce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its gexz a yz,b;f8;,u v*xvdnome?