Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a named 4) s w)ylp 41ta9e i/wygw9vycbdb* :kprotein?:vwtip* kc 9 b4dge)lyy4 )9wsayw b1/

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for pr4k fcf0) on sza/f3di vk8kx1;oteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutatio dzf78+dr3ja:x)p( z q0je ixq; vlhv5ns?

  The diagram below sh:upuo/k+u zgk0no9);nb 6pyq 85ovt fows the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements i52c:i(k d:bqs z7ejwxuf2*fdll6 8jqs false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain pept-i0x(i:fv,hod m;ou v-hbq 3mide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code. epayi37*r4 pk ky/0vg

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the followi(zv 2- 7if ao:h2vymd1emr 0snng contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the ge51ts.s6 qayt/v3pb q 6xh:dzenetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are3wax 84cb u4m,efzmi+ correct for the functions of th4mce z,m48fwau+x ib3 ese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘thvov yam9viz w-;,agc1414z xa e genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following re ;mi0w8p:h0hp( xzllt actions results in the formation of a dipeptide from twi:0lph zmp 0wx(ht; 8lo amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of94 iyisf ew+2h translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures txi4,k z-pk b1are indicated by the labels X, Y, andbkt4ip,z1 x-k Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic co,ory cawnrdvl8d.c219m(ukl/ / xsf5 de.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements abo jtvh0nj52uc, f sxg,)ut translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct1mmjgfor-kp6c9- k1u sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein cp2e0vzuzdl a ijc(4b)z 7 (v,homposed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 am dhzpc)bl7 i0,a4vz ( uvjez2(ino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA v)6rzqqjd fr.9/o9rdconsists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis.rqirm 9 yv0;ud4/wjd4 r;40r w dj9i4yudmvq/

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is pc u(tf8juqq 7 dok76:not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutati 7cjfo 7q8(: pqud6ktuon?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mu l0vk , h/b4mt4 wf3so*vqvm7wtation, whicm/s4k ,4h *f7vwvmwt qlvb o03h of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only a r49(p1tir; nlnhs c*applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the foll yi;bt0 ;ql1weowing would bind to the position labe b0t;y li1q;welled R?

The diagram below shows theh wz2*e( 77x7e nwsbd96ko w9rz;umjd replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic s p*ime b-kwm 2t qc/e2/0.(rh5dlju ktranscription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have d 6jme l:t9,esaifferent numbers of genes characteristic to t6ea 9lte,m:js hem. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the y+aturl:o +7l genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of 4szc j:/m2zsathe DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the ndiv qk)3+ c/vwumber of genes in its kvqc+/ 3vi) dwgenome?