Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a named pr7rs7 u ndn77azotein?s77rnud7n 7 az

  Which nucleic acid carries genzk u53 ab4n/ula;lm;hetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not causelwg:tg n;97y7 1 62oq vxzuzfkry 43qh mutations?

  The diagram below shs3pvv0dmps. ; ows the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is faw5u m*sjnu8 rv7 po-1mlse regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bon3oag*8svtr1c/0oawo k/r kd)qz0ex ; ds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the ge a j;uk .z u)tokorjugu) c,xa)r-7h)2netic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contai* :,mhjnnjxl0q quj qv(e*tb2wp p9)1m4c) oo n peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sholab,d, yhes ;5fb3* phws the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are corrc br*9d1jh bvja,h 80hect for the functions of these shj8vc b d9h,*r1 0jhbaites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic7e(5mtkwg*6f 0qv .v 1nq8 oazaxsw) v code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from9.wx/bt + hkevoms a+, two amino.s 9taewh+km x/bo ,+v acids?

The diagram below represent)-a n9mi;sn 1wd zj-u0g+icmg s the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicwk6q +trhye( *ybey() ated by the labels X, Y, and Zteyy )re( +y(bk qhw*6?

The diagram below shows the genetl dhln*zv bc9dv5hoj:6:;l3cic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation ar7/3dfecws2iq ; qp:xve not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the coy;8e ur drl8q,ux9 xbmd3k() lrrect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypep2j cj ;50njnnk4y iw2am/ai2ftide chains, each chain contains 20 amin/w j24nam;ik5 in2 20a cyjfjno acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisensi r)xb6ioxl 9:e) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a moleculjs(h/hombj5*c e v1 7ge that plays an important role in protein synthesis. 5j1 cjo* b7v /esg(mhh

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not prom ts tw oube.u+mirqn a308);+duced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of +us .mt t;e)buoan+wm3q 0r8imutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an an0i 3m*rinqu 8bimal as a result of a mutation, which obqnm3 8*uii0r f the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation oc+ bhz8n4 3 tx8cxq(epnly applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bm dlg1b, xdng4nhi */3ind to the positiod1gnbgdxhm4l, n /3 i*n labelled R?

The diagram below shows -2sf:wmqh1 qpthe replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptio;dcq, p4- 0f)7-zdmzk ; lkuxjr )jifzn.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different nu3w3kwd4crx .h mbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows thxw.3 w4dkrch3 e estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristiczhrk2z5e. ku )s of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA moou) u ie(w+jjj kvu.vz)o(,r*lecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger nu :ubi8a b:8 5pmaenfi g1)u3qjmber of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome?u 8ip an3m b1u)i5qgb :8jea:f