Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function o t+asatc+ b5khj7c 1k.bo//fof a named protein?kts +j./hcfa+cbat bk15/7 oo

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for dab h 0qwe22wh rw)fu8k6(5pbrcr8q 4if z4b8 proteins?

  Which of these does notqyu xtk3c n+7-n/u 9ok cause mutations?

  The diagram below showsyx4oau*n4g: ks- m+cx the genetic code table.

  Which of the following state0u*wouaor gft6yd-- ax /6 z.oments is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds-j (pl/ae f.g16ejih u?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code. 9-u bbsz1uli (i/tc 5d

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the followi dyc8o+(xts7tng contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic cte1* kz uxkk::ode.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites.rny(74f3od7(sw yo w dnb b8u2 Which statements are correct for the functions of 2 nudrw4db7n3o(yb8 7f(ysowthese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ .3e(*jq ,(bzfh5)j g biio tdxmean?

  Which of the following reactios6t73wwl -i ygb * 7ngfue(:khns results in the formation of a dipeptide from two a 6*ynswlfg 73(hti7b: e-wgukmino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translation. d9r-5v a83odi3 vb 91qalodea

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What stru.u w8j )pv:2vyxnr +xnctures are indicated by the labels X, Y, andy 2vvrn)nu +xp 8.wj:x Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic czi4zbmo tox/eg0n24 5 ode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not1a eho97atp,. lj e8jrsz.;tm f(kf1b/f ls o* true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows th-ka z7a;a ix5c 1fon+ae correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide cha4rilz3 xqp-5 syrq+n1 9:ffwpins, each chainr-z43r +qsfpynp1il x9qw : f5 contains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the followingmjfi8+m94ari o;hipq1d 3pa/ nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein a) z0ukp z*9ugsynthesis. u * 0zazu9g)pk

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Whi/ mu194hx osqh +qbmi0ch of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of muta40u1bxh ih+m qm9/qos tion?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a resh77r dapcn33*kxb8qe ult of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect othe8 qk7*3 chndxb a7re3pr tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translationklfruvf....zm h e c5: only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the phnf 0mb1 is.ov0wu:2:bv bt f-ozt+rb4hg 22iosition labelled Rwbs uht0z-hr vibm i2f b0 fo:+.1:gt vbn4o22?

The diagram below shows the replicatiodv(q54 unoy3 y l5bs; qexa--an of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryw hv.uj l8,8ix o/i+pwotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have differe:f3gy/z, 2q9 onbtbf6 1 bkxmknt numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number o ,:b9fg2bk /3m1fkqtbxz6ny of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the charact*va wve -(m.zkeristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the 26cs /t1gs vd6qgmse* DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger ;fxor 91ttq xr1ep,9d number of mRNA transcripts than the number p19re,f 1 ;d rxt9qxotof genes in its genome?