Which row in the table corr1 3nr (,. jqd*cq:x)ikp jjzcsectly describes the shape and function of a named protex* rdkjnq 3p,.:qjz1 ( ci)sjcin?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for provsn48hh dzw32h ts (1ateins?

  Which of these does not caus0 wxetv93dvq kr/vz0 :e mutations?

  The diagram below shows the yg )vipa/((zq genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regar j6k/3x .ggqupding translation?

  Which of the following conij-l 3iqmh3q 2yjyy*-+ncex 9 ; 7xgjatain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic c6w91+h2diqkeg0 ayvd ode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain,djzc,vjt/4gh ;r 9cb9 if.nd peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the gens svbdf 05w jkd9h*6,cqr1jl4etic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the functio 2gz )v:lt3gkf jaejkp/4lif;:as q;,ns of th: plkaavgj:eft);fkgz 2 q3j s ;i,l/4ese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the geneti 5r.acr-n wzu9c code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formadn/pi fa39233ibimy:qf3,atlayh o7 tion of a dipeptide from two amino at9/ dq7ffyi 3a ,anb3al:m 2iy33hi opcids?

The diagram below represents the process ofv7s cnr.8tyq2bd:zs(a(ki/r translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcrkv5uiu0y0j,4t4dy2 ,j wbt 7l w)xfrwibed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X,l,5d2 t uwi wbuty,j ryj) 00x47k4vfw Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the geneticeh/a2j/n:tw,s-06ruh ot l - mwqy p+l code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are n2p*e0ntm:u7u t- vjx hot true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows vxm pdw63-jf* yvrm r4(e 5a8,rjrr4sthe correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chnt94pf:8 jaof* n w1zyio;nm+ain contains 20 aminoz ait4nnpfy;mn*19+oo jf: 8 w acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of : kz-a ;ezttvku7m8v3DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a )d(puiq*,4rn ws vcj(molecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. r4suw(,jcpqidv)(*n

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs 6/uix4 hi1mj;fco/v wlew/:6s3yu y tand a stop codon is not produced. Whi41ifuwivl6 usx t/;yy3 em/ho :/6jwcch of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a;1lj j0 2 k5ybr(pnabhj(b7 ab mutation, which of the following could most significantly affejyj bbnb(20pak a7j5b h(rl;1ct other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies tovc5sp xo qzujnh, ,8gt/e9 27t prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of thn i2)m ,jma *txw k606i6xvtbxe following would bind to the position labelltbi6*,6jxankmmx 0 xwvit 6)2 ed R?

The diagram below shows the repy1r(n-so2sbyzr b7ep1yt v ,)lication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukarye5vk s snk j4w9,)r-ieotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have aa6m-::i2ak qsyto 1i different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five s1ksy oi :a-aq:i62mta pecies.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetju7 , 0z kjs0/qcoz3ffic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of theojhwg-( 9( vvf DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of hcyy)/b o+9 rmmRNA transcripts than the number of gcmyo9+b)h/ ryenes in its genome?