Which row in the table correctly desv0*nnjs8 xpxb) l.zyyke+(a6 cribes the shape and function of a named protei+pn*xa(6)jk z .beys 8xyv0l nn?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for prok8j i:cg am9rq7)(, rymb bq9iteins?

  Which of these does not cause sh)1.nl(ox 1gu: z blbmutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code table. d+i4wp ,c ,uyt:-wtlv

  Which of the following statemenno mx 47gan16gts is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide u4m 0l;lop/8e8wxee p 03:qb n(gyetm bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the ge 1mz ct/ ,ihj5zg8c3cmjz)3ranetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain pfi3j6j;6 i603 kw20utpd kd3 m o pxg3ho2fasfeptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the ge/ agbq)n.ykmi:wbby0k-se6+ w* tsa0 4 t.fklnetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have threej xm6gp71kgo* yp ugwm2:zf3( binding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of thesm: 1o w*7jmgpxygg 23pfkuz(6e sites?

  What does the phrase ‘thez x):sfo- mmd- genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide f 1hgh 4zkp )l4wc(km6from two ghkw(fh)c pzm 4lk64 1amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translationa-w/ b4uhs0h m.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicate,trfk0 ya1 lx.d by th0rtfx1ka.yl ,e labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the ar:z mb0 tq)5)yh,n5mlo (kxsgenetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about ti,wtn,c: v.oim7hooz9 sv6up 616 4qzobj)gvranslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mt 84er )km9khahl h4s;RNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed o9f :krrhx3n9gog*/ juf three polypeptide chains, each chain c 3xj99ofg hk/gr*:unrontains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following n2ih4twld6 bd 3,/anxt+a 7bp aucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an imporlrfi5b hv(dp -k i9e;2vun7*vtant role in protein synthesis. vii-lv;nh b v e9fdp(u7k2r*5

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutqr . od)wdlm +l(zao09ation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following dmo+l)o 9w ( 0lqad.rzis not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutatiw3mc8diad t v*h:y42vd *tghd7 :v qp:on, which of the following could most significantly affect other tiwt2v3i dm vh7 y: cd84g*d:dha:tp*q vssues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryo*gv x,vkxfyq:lzu3fp4zf0 f7g5-n 4gtes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. pvy,r984 ,gngy mac i.Which of the following would bind to the position labelled ,y pym rga.n8i9vgc ,4R?

The diagram below shows the replication c/x yke/.96ssyxzewm.m- y ui/8 q z+xof DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and pror8 iiup* u/*frkaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organismb/kmhk)/o2bvrx q ji -v 3p0.84aqixv s have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of g)-o xx4 kv ivka0.hjq8pbr b3/q/ ivm2enes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetiic q9ua, q-j/bc code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule. wxqxsv/-tjm ov88b9 g9z.;f b


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mcb)lbeu* clvd+ :.nx95v izsx: p8gb ,RNA transcripts than the number ol bei vuxclz+:9 b*8)pv5g xc,bns:d .f genes in its genome?