Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and functistwp 3c3m mb7(on of a named protein?cwm733( mtsbp

  Which nucleic acid caic+ehi ci;/9a6y,p ocrries genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not1 1+afo7jv s+;k*c mo;aql4wh 1jj rpt cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the ge7xno;7.zj iu y7l 0e ng)5nkyxnetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translati0 pm ;rr7xqm,k4 wr j5oeegh/3on?

  Which of the following contain peptide nf,vaq*)bb,gz:rx)cdv g0trwqk2 5n 6 ; pp6ybonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the ge:ejg)n j x+ zdf(p hh1.4qth;ynetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide b8payt va2qt 3cm3mt/4 onds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the geneticlc8h6f7r r d3o code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the fg6s 0 ptuoxzq,e +ezl5c-i 8t.unctions of thee -gpzc5q,t8 est6o.z il+xu0 se sites?

  What does the phrase wf2 wfm uw 59-4ud-pyd‘the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reacxn7hu-mi asqrw2(.s2gq4 d j6tions results in the formation of a dipeptide from twos2 a4-gm.r qqij6nd72 suxh(w amino acids?

The diagram below represents the pzfdtd ;zu+6 z5rocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structuy01sssl :a* fyres are indicated by ths:s*fsa 0 yl1ye labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shy) mxt21vk6 gr:c uht-ows the genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about tran8au0hq: h/yknijxa/0n1 v9 d vslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows th9b*r bj5m rjrqq /pv/mw/d5t4e correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each ch :*ibjr5gq -sgain contb*-5i:jggsr q ains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleot fs1g n-ztfj,9/ugp o2ides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an i7f*qrn;l ,o5r-r5vxfzp- d dkmportant role in protein synthesis. z;foqr-l5 x-dk75rn,drf*vp

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is n (jiwds,) ysrzys8nn+68fdm6 ot produced. Which of the following is ysir+(dn68 8yszf,sjmw 6d) nnot a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, vlc;3yya/vobm; k vuv 2dhs*lz:47d * which of the following:* 3z*; cvydull;yhdvv/2askbo7 m4v could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about transladmlkctv)**gnl )w /-5m )jogvtion only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the followibk 66gwadrd* bzze;f 84rb,8e ng would bind to the positiog88aed wek6 4rbd;bbf6* z ,rzn labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication ofyw68yio68s z/wx, j eu DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between413cqgxzg ; fvd*r/ip eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes characteri g i8x6dn(ute1stic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five speci6g8 e txdu1ni(es.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characterg5z 7 vn+tsot5wz6e;rqhjq d:e *8i- ristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a shorf br endk78t7dk,7 -ajt fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger numw.1*imd-/xr we rm b7/tgy7 qdber of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in itst qg 7wx/7dbmrwmd-1 /.r*yie genome?