Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and func l p7wfl7i,+aqu1i5 eqnjt -*q6pp6tvtion of a named proteinpt7tqlpi n pwaj1 *+fi5l67u veqq,-6 ?

  Which nucleic acid carries2ixpjfyb) k3- genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutationsl 50it ;8x3j zs/vsjvg?

  The diagram below shows the genetic 4pgmlka2s8: fcode table.

  Which of the following statements is false regardinguob; pymoa-:6 h;+kk a sex;7 ix7+itq translation?

  Which of the following contain pe2kk )9medj)ny ptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the g*;e tm3dsf8lnb6)ep 93h cikgenetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain s)4ak)3oon1 + qnawe s3 yzv/kpeptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below show82r v, djc89 pe/rxmh)rsi)yos the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which stat 1 :je/4urqiv zqyn5n,ements are correct for the functions of these situvjern4n 5qz1: q/yi,es?

  What does the phrase ‘the vp ;ct)(o(jtwb w r6k;genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the f6+dgyj o7kpt*7u drm8ormation of a dipeptide from two amino acids?dd7 ky t* 786p+grjuom

The diagram below represents the process of translationg) ibxu0q,1wr .

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structuresapama5qcm9nrb:,r* nusk ah 2 j, m1kvx w3:65 are indicated by the labelmujnv nk9acasm 2:hr:a ,,5b1mwrp5axq 63*k s X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows tk/0os8w)tf qvd( qzg:he genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about trdex+6a0 uhd f*anslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shopdw l/uk(j37lm( xb8g ws the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, 2j)dt4 h;rnkx24xy gceach chain 2d 4kxt2cgy);4hx n rjcontains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists ofpmm 1 nn ,v6e6;ad5cwm the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an imp tk9ba8uw1eg.l )(yym ortant role in protein synthesis. kmaug.198 )tl(wyyb e

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a std7aa9)xz hx p2r m.9mpop codon is not produced. Which of the followinpmm9aap) xh72r. zxd9g is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is chang;5:cdivz3z ln cr0va3 g/fi +aed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could mof da;zac r3nvli5zv3 +i/0:gc st significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about trans,xn;m xlwijin.k.ztc ,p;z 3u4 yp /2qlation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the followin6gc-z*l s6 *z+w cb(uznjzg:/:i hif ig would bind to the position labellenz( cg w/* lzb-6:zghfi isci+j*6zu: d R?

The diagram below shows the repliu7ut0/ ztv3ei xd4409iijs pdcation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and p5lb58 yzlp8z6; + ggnru*mrbirokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbe 7swi-35zxtq ars of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the esti5t-3zqawixs 7mated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics ofh ld+xs814 q3+sehxty the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows f;va.q5sq,.enfod. ra short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the n6d 7t(-hd4 hvl)t4wgg:v ju: z u/cegiumber of genes in izwl7ggghec(t jv)dh4: v 4udut/i6 -: ts genome?