Which row in the table correctly describes the shavo 8;,jzdww86jlxo8sea f z3)v:rkd 0 pe and function of a named prof;j kls)vzxao 8,:wv 8dowj 8r e0z63dtein?

  Which nucleic acid carries ge do 9v5lzppqq1.zc..vnetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cyhz ,qzn:(/r6bayy s, .xyg2bause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the geny0kkh8; rk7 4txswd4. jsfdy/)d8 dwgetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding transaj;e 6d2aw/y plation?

  Which of the following contain peyb9tr(zu4 n y9nm2z8 0*j*gw,lfrwi uptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geneticyozfnj8jfogit) 3) e,59apo6 code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contaid,uiifm j qxb).w 4p;*n peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic code+sqd9 p cv44gk.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which s o0b(w g u4l7z4w/kdwctatements are correct for the functions of these siwlz0 gkow/ 4(4u7bwd ctes?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is un 1*ka(q4:yu 4auqg sndiversal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions resw4e njd0 5i 8gd+ak,kzults in the formation of a dipeptide from two amidk5wk0zedna8 j+, g 4ino acids?

The diagram below rep,1fl4wh5c x0aq tio x*resents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What stru0a h7 (0-z cakp*)6wytkr rrjictures are indicated by the labels X,r* r-60ic() t0yakp7a zwhkjr Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic code a(tcj 4 s s;fb-jly9uz0hld--.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation ai-rghzc1 2cxcd9y .;aa/mq2 e re not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correc. yi ptb+v3 e4zh4dm;dt sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein q0 q)d8mhti j0composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 ith0q j )m08dqamino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists q(i) / qg0zpf3dbv4zaof the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecul fq*sn7y/q /c 6tov28 dzg*wove that plays an important role in protein synthesis. n/o vzcq2*os7 yfvgwt6d8 */q

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop c (fafb) du4,lnx)pv-wf e1 kh0odon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of m lbf)efn,-)dav0u4( pwxk1fhutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cmg2*pwpo:jz8yl d4h; +u+btaell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly a+ ypbd8l4g*mwo atzhp +;j 2:uffect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotqu 7qzf0sbl n7,;tuh( es?

  The diagram shows a twr wu79 -2nau- .lpd )wt8dk(il2vcr zRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the positi-w ncta2uz rrlld)7k wpu w298i(d.-von labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replicay1v-9zn( bmi xtion of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryoticwqbrf 6:8- xxq vly+4q transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living wwxq;:cl5dc*y )4tke organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to themclk*; ex 5dwc):4 wqty. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the gen:rcll + -ipcz-etic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule7;0b0svi9tfml ql )3 oudpa iw5b,;hj .


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcriptszde8 b( u.k.7p d9s /rmve8fos than the number o9ue /s k d.pvs7bredzm(8.f8 of genes in its genome?