Which row in the table correctly describes the shia +opj;e mym*16 yzw1ape and function of a named proteawijm;pe+y m* y1 zo16in?

  Which nucleic acid carriey2 1wbk z; ,td8gx7vfns genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not c p5w+isnfvpa1u +z:3 pause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic cos.:8bhz+utdex x4d x 6jk z c1pp+x,o9kdj29sde table.

  Which of the following statements is false resrm +lj x9g cx3ifty90 :2: czxftzw63garding translation?

  Which of the following conta q;piv9gn8uvb0l)pyr//bhj + in peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gbc +7 l8vio,hxenetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contex 5x fv, mv8-+sq0tufain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows th12tqiqjzp n , uzm tb-8-kh.7xe genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bindin- rzya ymx8gc - tlx.16avvy(* qb3sj,g sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of these jv t18 ay*g(mvl6zrcxxa.3qsby-- y, sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is pop rw /p-e:5nuku p. i6r4w3p6s-kehuniversal’ mean?

  Which of the following vm,ft8nm+ v3jreactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from twmv, tmv 38+jfno amino acids?

The diagram below represents the pr3xhe4 sae1e0f ocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from wdzv-l3j+3rx:g 1gc oDNA. What structures are indicated by the labels Xj :vlczdgr x-o31gw3+, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows jjp gz,fev3 4;b+8zsf the genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not tr.u- z/ f3okpmyue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the co69zekkc1 xuwivq nn- a;6h.b.rrect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a pw swyp ixab5 3md.v2 dl)09. 9kawg.ourotein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain cvwwxki9 m2 .syu)b3g0 a.l.a d5w9dop ontains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisem.u *0fy( ixzpnse) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthedre9t4ozrk .uq1t1 f9y4ojlt 62v en0 sis. teejzt.9nlt 1d41rv0qr 9u2y4 oo6kf

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is ne n-:q -pa9blx/qzu*b5 8coxoot produced. Which of the q:-8c-p5xxnaoez qbb *lu/ 9ofollowing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in ank *gz (mm nr80zsx.*db animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other 0 n.xmz 8zk*bg(mdsr*tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotes;nc nj byc7.i+?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Whe. z92-n iqovwpg)t4dwi.cj mnst 10 ,ich of the following would bind to the position) tj2m.e p9gd,0w.vsi tz4-wcon 1 iqn labelled R?

The diagram below shows the p)e )0mma /3b7czozy 9(kq9n ysslyw5replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prok 6lae 6mk fglcs(h41/fk-yjq/aryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livinl gu2+xlin77q g organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the l 7lq7ux2+gin estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristicswis /aif/sr(e*s+k (bx x/ ,mo of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a shortu 4rr6lrf09kw fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the nu hpw/gtyz07v 9d3txp;mber of t/tv9 ;z0gy7dhx3w ppgenes in its genome?