Which row in the table correctly describes the shapz:un+n8 8yu*9acu 5n 3nhrhc ye and function of a named pro9yhc8cn:zunu3nr*n58 ha u +ytein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding fors/kw+8 o9oe hs proteins?

  Which of these does not canl7e tp71zy5iqf*pl /use mutations?

  The diagram below shows tc-z7 0++xia h0jho zukhe genetic code table.

  Which of the followingipgunoq s kwbpe.2: ,y);z.3b statements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following cf,6e9ss9zmis b6 yqn7 ontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the sxv6o1u:l +j*z(3kw dfd t x-jgenetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bond f;,pc)bo)q zvs?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows th gon+7j68kje re genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct r9sdp-vg71j 0;x mg -mwz atx5for the functions of these si9s-xg zmxatm7 j ;0gd1prvw 5-tes?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic co3vifa,f 6n0sn6 ob q(dde is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide frniwtmccmdoxl.( 9 /vt;o 4 mx9a76d0g om two a mi9.t0aol 7gwx d m;oc(n /x6t4c9dvmmino acids?

The diagram below represents the process ov v)d2pua-q7xe,u 6v wf translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What :7bm7e fvf(rfk , ndlh8 w.ar.structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z?,b8v efm7kaf :f(r7hrwln.d.

The diagram below shows the geneticrj1 93-pml0+a /tderlf7 wey;jd gq jrp2,kq* code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translatixidb 0dmqg 3u)+2+tcaon are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the cyn xd0 j0jqh-zj;30 uxorrect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, / ef dr7l.t4d-of*w cweach chain con7 e/dfw-*4o cdtrl.w ftains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) straf..ei t4soad 8y qt0mn5p.4rand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in prosw.q9a0 +cw8jt;na )swwg q6dz)iy5x tein synthesis. 0s n)gq9saq+i jyd)wz w ;xwt5.wca86

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occursrm/q i- r:76mgbjzgt3 and a stop codon is not produced. Whichj:iz37-tmbg 6qmrg r/ of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutat z xnmhzup495)+x:l:roa v c3aion, which of the follo9+m vnz3 rcxaa hp5zlx::o4u)wing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation ongy.d,+vj7a)vy-wn 6 ehex4v xly applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the foh/y4y ,1lnr+,ll f :a(yuohbt llowing would bind to the position label,h1o lut/rh a+:flb( nl yy,4yled R?

The diagram below shows the replication/a49o(r i z2nk,5 b0wd vnbvwm of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcript2cnj7+8 vdaer ion.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have diffep:g68xd.3e -kfqvatd rent numbers of genes characteristic to tedk gf3q. 6x:t-pa8dvhem. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of t-lbbjohh la a),2a/ 8she genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragmxkjk:zj0y5rn5m-x/39:0w sakqvpxavd, u * rent of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts tfj8yjp2l w 9v/han the number of genes in i9pw2v/fy8 jjlts genome?