Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and funf3zy07f6 wsoh6.ckt3h;k fvtction of a named proteinvf6y h 7zf kf3t0to6 ;cwks3.h?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for c:ux2dp9h p rpu *tdo61r.tw :proteins?

  Which of these does not cause muta)ql mcchur01+/q cnl k/k po--tions?

  The diagram below shows the geneno0r6ff-r8;d;ygmov s; z-m ns5t1 cftic code table.

  Which of the following stat8j2 p4fpvb7 07gs3hehpafm c1ements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contap9)n my kekq93k/yb4uin peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic codeepazm 8 sv r:0:d95xaptbg4:r .

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds4qaqo t uta,*h2bukgyj:9.,t q*oc n7?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows )l;zg6e2 qe dvip 2zw1the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for t-q 0 c++eyxsm czb6ai.p7 /uxihe functions of theseip q eccbaxim6/y+7s-zx0u+ . sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic 4.+hsdn d 2yj;/iamqycode is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptid;bcr x,4x( a sz atuuj-,v5aq;e from two amino atu crjqv,xa zu ;;bsxa,-(45acids?

The diagram below represena. ufcrhg6r0 i,6k8ants the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from Dg0hoeo r77 )3wwxrwe55 fl u0yNA. What structures are indicated by the labels Xoguhx)fr7o y3e0e l7w0 5wrw 5, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic colx5w dlb,(+ eade.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not true9zyvv zq6 7rwwb sz 2dpg5qv 74k,*pe.?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesisd8:+zoo-s rkd :t0 u wdw9mo9e?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a prote;hejnwbt2 hw* /yxvtt q73., mpl*b m(in composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amin*2 xvpht* myt7bl w b;3tm.we,/j( hqno acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of suis3 s:ux48y the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule th5,1p s abo15do-zmhr4jmbyl3)f aq j.d v+8xrat plays an important role in protein synthesis. ,dbpfr+rh1xmy .ozj)d5sj maql - 541ao 8bv3

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. 3 u,m1blgctsbi68 i;a Which of the following is not a possible conseqc;8a1gb,ius6b ilm3t uence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, vd266 o0yrt bpmq*uy5which of the following 65br0qm 6*pt 2yyvud ocould most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryote9 eh.o(ny i1v9ql xdr9s?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following 2foe jtxprp; /5c/2ha would bind to the position lptr5 2j p2oecfxa ;h//abelled R?

The diagram below shows the rep84 s tnk 96/plm6vogxjlication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcripmctpi dm:zjwv-h m,dnk +t(0 eg:0:7 qtion.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of g tn1cim;;hl 0 hb) uyom 2g21h:a;yf 7pob;ibsenes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes foah ;o; u 2by)cthni: 1goi7ym2mp;;1s0lh bfbr five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteri 8oq4i /8zyiwxq bud;xl)6*vistics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragmeg692*umycm6w z hps j6nt of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number vi: ,.u+tf tdeof mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome?+du: ,f tivte.