Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a nay7tj oa7:qb5h m7t-uoawp 6dw7j50j c med protei7u h75 ca b5omj:wywa6jjd07t-7poqtn?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material cpmd58i ab x./boding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mulw ane4/3 0-vr)yyrtri:s ,wx tations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tku lz5 5zj /j/2p1kp-hw kgq3iable.

  Which of the following statements is false rega,/ lo0 yagjp0frding translation?

  Which of the following contain pemdn8zjkt6v 8:dow2 (pza (v g n)o68tpptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetia13s qw/jmhh9 sn-fx0c code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following ce4 nf(0+ rw7iubmhj0lhh . ,zsontain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the gene z 4:(/byh *hi11kqyvfiomlh9tic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statem1v* j qf8o*iujents are correct for the functions of these sito1f8vq ij**j ues?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is univ13 7m tw0u(pac9t apf5 4wsxcfersal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptid9ffw9cqtvw(b ;jva 7xi: dlbt 2 1l;;ue from two amin f1 t979acl;vbqldww v ;i(2;tfub :jxo acids?

The diagram below represents the process of transl(cb5q 5ehnq+f:+lxg/ rj ije8ation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is tranh: 75qtjdtl7rscribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, anj rth 57d7tl:qd Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic c i7m2ojwlo7 e;ode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not tr1tvj:yxlyklow8l*5. n+qt/q ue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesishq0ul9, ua)i ;kcb6hs ?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chain nha.o.;qikd tts**d; s( bv/es, each chain contains 20 amino ( otq /n.dvi;a;.kdh** sbets acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA cons1m*- dyad/ln+w1wts+wgeot 1oeib3 , ists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important rolbabos1e4m. mj1: rc,yz/ (htde6i0 jue in protein synthesis. tbd .a1zc6rm( :0/e y ,j4osmjubhe1 i

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not producekdu.mlc,pw 5ab)ntk4c p vo8t /1.xp)p1hj6 rd. Which of the following is not a possible conseque)lp6.bv.,j8p5p)k dco1tw pk c xna4ut 1h/rm nce of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in vtj8 ,pcg0 93wp9 mque/ ioml, mgy3/can animal as a result of a mutation, which of theiwc 9p8 jp3//v0g9 teqm , y3mmcl,oug following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryo- d)wz*vmm3 s9m fi0mutes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA moleculjfl rt 2;rh4/ve. Which of the following would bind to the position labelled R?rjf;rv4 2 h/lt

The diagram below shows the repli5 h+eupliqg mzx/5- l.cation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transc riuhut/5.sk8cp(q4ho 7ed;aription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes character,pto/p+j3rs c 7jnfp(j -w8 ;en/xiojistic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species. pwj( i7rfxo8 j +3j;pn -posct/e, /jn
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of /lk ozd5 xbmh9353ysp the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DN j.2;ghn yf.jq5bukv1vf 5rh3A molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA yvn696bicwu f ibk((dp+) :awtranscripts than the number of genes in its gea)6w:(kpyb( b6+uidc9 win fvnome?