Which row in the table correctly describes th+x)2 bio4s4nq,g e2 xudh0rwye shape and function of a named proteqdn4e u0 )+xwgxbsho4,2 yr2 iin?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic mo /ke)yq*4e gwaterial coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutations?eu+r)20u ( mktqizdx;

  The diagram below shows the genetic code t n2p 1*tgka8js5sz9iy3y zo,kable.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatsot,ph wev)b5 9yl l)0ion?

  Which of the following cona1,bvjmo4klbg4e2-tbvmn 5fc4 tx 3+ tain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetd-tqe5nb+7fz 6qp v. pic;xx2 ic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptida-sgsk e f5u2k(h*e.ve bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic code. ipgbb8qp25ly*2tm 0 rfjs:-d l uk) 9x


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sitest2.m6zbz xurv1fl :)d. Which statements are correct for the functions of the mz2b16zvu tx:.)dl frse sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic codex2zty2 1li +jf9zmy :xc+g4 qb is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide f3( 9fhf6glwizrom two amino (z 3ffhg9wli6acids?

The diagram below represents the process of tr; ms+4xi g-fnk9af7ueanslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. Wh0gtp jicbi/4 9opg8e8at structures are indicated by the labels /g g0i8p 9c4pjteobi8 X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genlxhf. a/ ,dh0hmgn8 ra: bz2x;etic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are notl f;;,p7cb neg.88ub2 vux pyp true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequenceed94c3cl6-lse ru 709 bvolm g of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows jh s5 cv60wqxd1)p z6fa protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chaq sdhj v0zc5fx61p )6win contains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA cq 6nejgc9 4+slonsists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis.wdo9ri62 . gdcrp3geh4:t y3l 4c 26wrid hyp93l.3rg ge:dto

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon hbaw3,v+s 8qy7ntlmgfv:9rc )x y2x3 is not produced. Which of thg +mq f8wx,y 3a s2byt3 x:vv)r7lnch9e following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is chanjvj;p u 5yrc.8ged in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in thepv 8j;yrcuj5. animal?

  Which statement about translation only ap nr rr3cj27og *+4zbwo2:fhkyplies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following woulwhud2vyrkg 3 :iy i0v o4x;df(9(v-eld bind to the position labe i hy:-d 2x3(vg fwdilv9eo ;y0r(ukv4lled R?

The diagram below sho75ez; ajaxg a9*heq e/)psq0b cf+7 diws the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and proka0jy0x(f a-r9an h sgo:ryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of l lht ae6-vu*+ij rp1m/iving organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for /-6ptra*il +e1mh juvfive species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic ( hpewfwz.t) ;7pf4n;.c jd/uoie i iko:b.m2 code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a,yoqvx6 0 )(x nh(qjmj short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transb m8 uc7mmuf:7p /osfgg9ta* 2cripts than the number of genes in its u og 7b 8g27ammts:pmc*9/ fufgenome?