Which row in the table correctly desccm -9pp0 evauanm m:/.ribes the shape and function of a named prot0umaav-/me mn:9 .pcpein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic p6 zp.d+ef ixv64bm4y material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not causk*yzs:5p3ljs ;w4 fp ue mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code 907fbg4 h3puv67p xgixmv/vi c. .koktable.

  Which of the following statements isfs9r9qdzu v9pyo4 uz582)ork false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain*yncsgnf./75.v 5 *asug iwtn peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the g u jq1zkn6d;d-enetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptic f9 -j3au+foide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below showsipc+zc wex. 9 5f0prnkd9 w(-m the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bi+ ju;hsp 8ql xd*g4ep(nding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of t+l* (g;psqxjd4u e8hp hese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘th 7lwzb 0+a/98ivr a3lhws2vps e genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation ongfm .f42k8qws jd,k7i*7psj f a dipeptide from two amino acids7sg 8,p jdqf7mif* 4sw2kkn.j ?

The diagram below represents the process of translation.mg9i:s-7 gwo3kb, iys

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What strucb8s08 :b. rise z9f whn/rd5xitures are indicated by the labels X, ir.f8bbh z/n9w:r58isd ex0sY, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic t 8ea* i7mj9rzcode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about ruwtk n 5tfc tel86x5.t8f ,*dtranslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct s ( vm6w8x* -tmcj2raocequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a pn376c8vnv mh protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain co6v m7c8v3pn nhntains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotids:).robhc*ez. :gf um1vwft :es:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protl:2moi ykr l74 t,,h lrr5 wxsva(h)-mein synthesis. :lrv mmlkht4s,),xrw hy7o 5 -(air 2l

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mute)uhjkg78nv2n)8 u geation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the fol7v)kehun 8eu82 gj gn)lowing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal a(f ),byuqdt4 as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect,4dqutby(a) f other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about ,fmeihx.ol, 3 translation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the posyd ftt7o(iu((. ,xu-m w np7bcitm(ob,.dwc7 -(( 7ufutt iynxpion labelled R?

The diagram below sho/t6pukhrf j*- ws the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and wl(72haypi 4vprokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have zdlu ytdf ruvgjt,3)+4r ;q8x:(o o* wdifferent numbers of genes characteristic to th,+o v y) *wztd; ul:rq8j(uogr3 dtxf4em. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic coota8* f aw/or1de.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment o9,a5ff v/ t6kpbhjix 4f the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger numbzm*+p1u*bii5l+*nm u t1i r pser of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its 1im+ul*r 5p +smnit1ui zp*b*genome?