Which row in the table correctly describ; lkq1ccm /u)vlfr:n(q3 g ir4es the shape and function of a named proteincqr r)3cvl;i1g (:/ flm4kn uq?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material codg7*z+yk:y yek mt/bnk mkh. 2:ing for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutations?7pjc9mx5 142 rstyn ifw..mjh

  The diagram below shows the,(m 5; vokfgrs*hoo-l genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding t, vgobhl 6/gi5ranslation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bodnc: :.u zdxu/nds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic coo6i q4 sacs,4,b. zq.q ixjt*rde.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following conta ezkj gquv6 50*5svfk2in peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic codr )f6iwe- koc2e.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are comgi)e q.1gf k4rrect for the functions of these siteqikg4 m1.) fges?

  What does the phrase ‘the g fde sl)cqs/le1l(ok *,v3+pbenetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions resultso2t osm7gb i0f ls4;p+ in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino ao sftl4b7+ o0g;p s2micids?

The diagram below represents the process of 4ho .vw b;j56scig vx: kj4.omtranslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are ind, 4qd 4whyy.ooicated by the labels X, . o4wh q4y,ydoY, and Z?

The diagram below shows theibjr2*2 ehyq0tiot80 *(ak wx genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about transaz qw8egmn0. 4lation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of v,ms5(wq-a 2v0prvcw mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows 3apbzy 8g.4cs6ia ch2 d/ zej.a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contasyc2 c 83zzpjadg/6b 4a.h.i eins 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA conhl ub:j5v*mdo8m *6 avsists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important d7*mjh3 h) bterole in protein synthesis. tj3hd)e *mh7 b

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stops8)qrw9p min x prmt5r9v-90 z codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a pos990mz8 pt9vxs nrr)mp-5r qwisible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutam6b9 )/j dvhi;krp.bl ak f+8vtion, which of the fdfk vkalr;) /b8+.h9 v pbi6mjollowing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about tranv,npw 0xsm /9oslation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNAs-4kn7 k2 57gls5ob,j3yb c9nr pgjpv molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position lkn2ogj-rbl4y c kp9, 5npbvjs7 57s3gabelled R?

The diagram below shows the replicat: iu- 5rwt,ggwu o63ofion of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transv4h-2vfcbwj 8v a;3vw cription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numw yxep3mruq6k+43 8qdxw8 megn *v+c(bers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the er8g3x 8m *q3v cw4nyx mepe+uw (+k6dqstimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteq(q(6t g+sdp 1ta5 zntu84iu fristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fraggqdnqx)6u1 waa 18x xgkw( ;w-ment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a lhl2a8xx2 s1kqo tj t+9arger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of g2 9kstt2 xhxo8l1jqa+enes in its genome?