Which row in the table correctly describes0 e)x v t8(vrbq7i2 b -v6hag1oo3zkfe the shape and function of a named pror ho37 6 2vbvz-kg(ove fe 0xqt)8abi1tein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic mater*i n t3n*tah7sial coding for proteins?

  Which of these does notv b8ncjh3u+:ij )2usyn+* svf cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code ta s/o4qtlv qo0 zu1t:p(ble.

  Which of the following statementf*44n(zowrf-i) lv0m-cvy +izbzr l:s is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds?4g 6 uvr6j 5io.hx.cg jbk/;sr
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic 2a7i cf j53rate)s,.v5ponnocode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds0u2hs)nn. ft sdxj:qfhgv-37?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the geneamn0a;xxv+)mkfh v 8: tic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binrqx6bj +aax+(a 1(ghxoy 6 gv+ding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of these 1+ajgxh6ovq b( g6xaa(x+ry +sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is uni8ma* (y8 jxyqb0 2rivqversal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in)( y9ptkrd)6a yhxi(o the formation of a dipeptide from two amy) kih6xdor) (9ay(tpino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of t e.ib 4pgbz)t n9a(le4 /ql)waranslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is traz ( 6wjv1n /*ey2bne 0vj h(8he2kyyahnscribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, ahj vy nahnhe0j/1 *2b2(6y8 we ze(ykvnd Z?

The diagram below shows the -*f 6qhnhll2 e9jktjh+ 1pz552 tmhxl5 dc*fegenetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about g7ej nt;rw 7 5(p)zgjntranslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mggq -e m-f7t8zRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chainjflgp 4p.a,wpudy,77 s, each chain contains 20 amino a7.u4ljp7fg, wy pp,ad cids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNAl8*htfxp oogvy6l.7xz9bu :+ consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays ano4 b5hhu-zq* susc3o0 important role in protein synthesis. shc-u*u z o0o h4bsq35

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not producea+ gajmm tn68z9ft1 3qd. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this 8tn9m3 16 zamqaf +gjttype of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic n7/ zkfh7 *nmt a-cza1cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect othernnmz /f*1ta7kz-h7a c tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about tr;evg3qv ay0 7oj) m:xlanslation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tR5uj bujmn9xp 7 4a;3zgwg fg-6NA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelpgu;j zmg b73fjan9wxg-45u6 led R?

The diagram below shows the replic( *aaifc6 i0xd rlt1 njnp7y/2u ly+1xation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish betwee d2 da(m)m 4zjcx5hg8yn eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes8r fsc4gxe-.ib+nbi + characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for fivc -.+sr nexgif84+bbie species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the ger2( l8dte+sw0 ll62p8iyios a 7bo3zlnetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short eo)t:+mybu- prr/l, ufragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number.x kc:z1 om(ix4*zsnr.qjr 2 ld3rx 0u of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its xznjxc:u drs k.ro0m4*i 21 3 .zrxl(qgenome?