Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a 9t+ y(,r3 6z,l7kof aoheok lfnamed proteinr o,kft,7oek3hl o(9lazy 6f+?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proteins3vi 29ccm tk97lte d;w?

  Which of these does not c xrz ;-c:;mwavause mutations?

  The diagram below showsk6gj*k+(j vrb qzz /v: the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is uqage esm3;tud7,4 w ev8o,a -false regarding translation?

  Which of the following cowu;j4je+rwtlo st-1x.h. ,c qntain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic codew/(t.-niaf:y+0 hfm n hnnl.x.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptmk ompm i9w4k9+*bwr +ide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows6 -r.-ih3sbzjal xuz9ezhm7 - the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Wh*ceqz )y rnpd+/,v pc)ich statements are correct for the functionrz+v n/dcq) e*yp,)cps of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is uni( wle5jfpp 18aversal’ mean?

  Which of the followin-r)1 (n9ex/ hqwrtn c*lwlv9 lg reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acq9rlvw-)9 l1/ln nexwh* rc (tids?

The diagram below represents the process o nn +7jzahs70ef translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structurn5ifb-loz-1mtvux 8p*u 62u zes are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Zoip6mx5uz8nfvt u l2* uz--b1?

The diagram below shows the genetic t3-c/p a 0 bhka3cq bfl,s45vdcode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not h0 qweavb4-2ilek ju,rx*l -/true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the corrk1ffkx.: kl2cd t 1;r ygz.b(eect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide btia1 v6;6.fffv t0k o)lsf;3flh.pb chains, each chain contains 20 amin 0koff63fahlbpi; .; tb1tv )f6lf.vso acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) straruzn ;*xr8lk; dba,3wnd of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that tvh *-pd9jlhbllg xbyl,/*8u 9x;g; hplays an important role in protein synthesis. d-8x;j, /lull*hbh;p vy xb9tg l9g* h

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. /paw6sdfyw( a4ttm89n; li;iWhich of the following is not a possible consequence of this type o sf 4mt9it p8l wyd/6an(;wi;af mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutq5wwfih9jozg-+b6 k 9 ation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissuesfg9k h+i6wqjwb-5z 9o in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only appli m58r- 1jq+,hc+ . ukisglwtules to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the followinhumn, hy kli .3.f:v.vg would bind to the position labely.uh:n.fvvi3 .hmk,lled R?

The diagram below shows the replicatioy e a )*m*-4uxv8s 2dh8emxczxn of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prok *3hfp y.lzb mk8p i:mc(9-calaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbf2ty.iaeqfbjt+65iek w2v-6txd yn0 b ;k/*l ers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated numbe06bqkl- bfie ;j*af.+k2dw ytit2y 6v/5t e xnr of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genrk* rf m9x gc/0g4rsz4etic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA moleculeu/g/ h4ad.hcy*upcy jx o9,s:.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcrip2i-lrfgq-ya + ts than the number of genq i2+g- l-yfraes in its genome?