Which row in the table cor*2 bu1z5vfdfs,n esju 08 z9dp 3k/lyvktu2o9rectly describes the shape and function of a named pro*z kb209uok8 2/sfvsnv j zy1et uf pul,95dd3tein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic materiat b8c11xk3vpia z14txl coding for proteins?

  Which of these does no8lefpv(3(n,xlos bw z0 2zj5et cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code bqook h7js3(/vt;z b. table.

  Which of the followiny8; muai17h hx -l f2kemqa+e2g statements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bondgq/ 911hq;tyq t*)c cee1oduxs?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the vo2.ams r:l/s genetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide -n z6v-d2w*qp6zmzu3 j aqoe7 bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the geneti /xrn*h suv2+cc code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which*0-7 2jw.ia uxwz+ hv /bolvcg statements are correct for the functions 0ig-wl+wb7 za. /jucv xo v*h2of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘txdm2s8wtmp (ig1 :/j:ungw/q he genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in thse0heo ;qy2x(d6qmu/ e formation of a dipeptide from two ae2 hmqu (s;/e0yoq6xdmino acids?

The diagram below represents ther8c8 p)+wu evitd6 gn4 process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from u33h z*bd- 67eh crzij-o1f0 ex7bectDNA. What structures are indicated by the labe3z67 ct3rof1cuhih-xze0e 7d jbb-*els X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic cm:.5yk 8svvhrp/hg ,q ode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation + 2bhr qt8zlzpx(a ) q(.vsq0care not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct s w+8m gc9n8 ce8rtnur4equence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed sv,b1.*ddkq1q b u lw0of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains,. *b u1k0lqqw dvdb1s 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA co8 qlj5u+uhpkv653)8hfvg n uensists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in pr-,dw,3ym b) szzqwg w(k+-gdqotein synthesis. wb,-wg,-md+g qwz yzkd)(3q s

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitutio mk2dwr*.zg vw;u pa68n mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence 8kzav2wrdmuw* 6p;g. of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatio1tpj/pd .gx hq*o0e+c cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tis 1 *gdo.oj+xp0t ehp/qsues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation onlyoup8l w(b(h (q applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA mo(rvga52b zfj;p :u iqfm ;1h1ilecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelled r:;ziua1 2i(m5 f ;f1bhpjqvgR?

The diagram below shows the replication ofb yeyh+9m us1x +(-nji DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukh6bizrm ow.5g.f 1da, kz)+lqaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livin-ihd o:y+0fq ajsv owifj7 /-9g organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five spjyi0qhfao9i--/ vf:w 7+oj dsecies.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the geneticuny7m)o9h vu gb1mmqs;1((g k code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA m vzpwx+/mfuh8 im/n 3ey*or,0 p:w4qz olecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce ax.l fqgee;)gb0pva qz1z5 o7. larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its geng1;a7zogqvbz e.xe5 q l)f0.p ome?