Which row in the table correctly describes t *,bg4yq+zj s 4;wcvzuhe shape and function of a named proteinu;4bg+yzcwvs zj,q 4*?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic materi/f4vcvg(u8vwz1 id d2al coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutati vxxok3c/xaj x0 ,g;7wons?

  The diagram below shgv,s:c +3aa0v m w0jwkows the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatiot) 0t*jiqjo 6gn?

  Which of the following contain pepti ( aj-3jonbx3ade bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gz 7efreb,(s 3zenetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the followinqx5sa:h1o;gpc* u3 zplg7- 8zdt t 7log contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genhlr,iw4 -nd cwm97 s ;,ok5wd*0l segretic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bindinp jmtf7l7jx3+htiqw7ak v*y2) bhs0/g sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of thtb7x3qajvwif 2l*+hjmhy /sk0)p7 t7ese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is unp qsfl;p:r9cf7x t-;yiversal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in t) 2qpv++pd awnm/r(lfr uc7o2*sm,s ihe formation of a dipeptide from two amin2w2cqnap+r)+ml, s si7o mpr/fu* (d vo acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translation5) 2zl9 bknfs ptrb6zhe s-32i.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicat . nq-xfz;yb-2ppnr phq8:h8y o.ve (led by the labels h8o q n.rpbz-(ylpp8xh-.f v;2n yqe:X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic5g:wpd9;ukdft qg o2m3c5 be+ code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translo sovp9bx(n1 x:cru 33ation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the followis :6ix4ydti uw4;2vjih sdnc 6w87r5 sng shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein,pcu9d k/s.xee s c8f4 composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino acids.fes9ds48exup/ ,ck.c

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DN6whi 1qrtrli6l2)ywab54rj 7 A consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthesim. k:d4 giy;lcruy: 6us. lygi:yd.:4; u muc6rk

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occup70fm6e*dr slr / dqo*6ai4vprs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is napid p64 e7so*rlqr*v/ 0 6dfmot a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a re9 byntd5 (m(uxb,;cf n cb0t:ssult of a mutation, which of the following could most significamu 0d(t :tbxncbby cs(fn5,9; ntly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about t08s1if9z ko sjranslation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the po2,( zptb1oo:bq*dvsc 0qxs d) k;r.rs sitiond0pqrs*vr:tob ) ko qz .2;(s1bcd,xs labelled R?

The diagram below shows the tb16 qv iv 2eec.;jy/treplication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic ancnntlod( etzx 85nu,6,td)cv oy4a-,d prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livinuy j qg,bp21b,by1/)odi uw;r:gdf k)g organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows y:ypd;1k uiq)ruo, 1g bw)2,jgfb b/dthe estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic :*)tz:gkv8 l*thl zb kcode.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment o-o kn )py,1ncyb ,:ceef the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger qwlkgr1) va 5/number of mRNA transcripts than the number of gewgv5ar)l/k1 qnes in its genome?