Which row in the table correctly describes the sw.* vipzr.uf b*j :6kz- rngi3hape and function of a named prob*iwp: r-gnzuvzji.. 6* rkf3tein?

  Which nucleic acid czil-.d t( rrl2 :6b-zopu:yk sarries genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cgyzbio -vdf sz(q e:* 3h;r1x*ause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tl(7 /t lvxgj7lh.8ghobb/ )lq able.

  Which of the following statements is6s9q t, o+:p)*x08d3klhvsbqz rcce s false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contaib. o0jdl8zhofds )y85n peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic cof 87 cobd41qf.cs, oxtde.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following co-k qwv* j/84zogxyn2em *eu3hntain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic mcjm4 g56kdmlcan hy/2+cf )) code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for t -:hs- y:xd9b t isfzx6:bz9txhe functions of these sitesdsz -tx:9:bzhfy:9sb6 t-x x i?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code ;/vnn n8sbjg g-jst1ay86m.9l5 md a/iwo(bq is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptideb5 (h k 1wef+ybdmx,*d from tw 5 b (,hkm+fddy*xbe1wo amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of tran(znwa ,uzz1w6kw* plh7dl(p )y.e j+ qslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribe;j4p jywz:e(h4 f u+4j3mjkkpd from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Yejhfpyj u4:; wj4+4 jzmkk3p( , and Z?

The diagram below shows t)l 1g5(hcssb1vlb9teyt6r 3 c he genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation alf,a .ual4(6 i7t tw. 8 dmhu-l5gnfkere not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following sho +ghie;;nx/ fhi,fp3n k* j; qd1blk(sws the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a proteinsp3ss- 4glar dz)2mx : composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 al-g:sps ) 2 a4dxrs3zmmino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists ofr 2id,bu1mj:h the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in prot xb:vdt8 y;*;*igr vroein synthesis. :;*ytdob rixg 8;v*rv

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a st e7/opu(tc3qm op codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible ccmpe/u(3q 7to onsequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result.dv td6 ulwbrk/gi wv;7(;cf: of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animalw id.;blwduvt (cr g/kv:;67 f?

  Which statement about transl if +a yeqcf(,v25gc-q :s5nkhation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA*y7n y*v3 svul molecule. Which of the following would bind to the positi3lsv yy7 n**vuon labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication zr 6gkvs lukd)c4c 577of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and proka9a (e+k pt.urg lel:6yryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes cht/hi3x eovig d *.fn:.l3e1 ixaracteristic to thelti /*e .1.gxiv:ie 3fnx3hd om. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characterisr 4o,z 4;us yi59irc,6g jfnlytics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows3i6 mqc9m05 s,p cq/orvp;nvg a short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote prod7extmeq csw0q hv +, )s;/i1 i(g0eubcuce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes ine;imsq ug i /7v,ts 0+q0 cb(xe1)cwhe its genome?