Which row in the table correctly describes the shapbpe51f6v(qu pw d fw+fi2 .ik5e and function of a named prot5vpepkb1iw 2i65 fdqf+. w(fuein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for pryqx fxenws zx9x 7ssxi+ 9 x+c5o*3,w0oteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutationzxpz *9 q+ydv2f5uvsz 7u. 5wcs?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code t*r 70o9*xq; sulse hnjable.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding transla uin1-h n)t.yi3cfk*mtion?

  Which of the following contain p8 eac+lfy,ji-eptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code. f).ra /6,w5snz0he mrar v4 q9e5 xymn

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bon+p 6wg re3p6,/bsr8hv-xn aujds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sh pol ocd76k(k3ows the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statemeqt 7ch5:hbn it w-1yzz f(o+e2nts are correct for the functions of these sitestecy-:b( q275wtz+fh inzho 1 ?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetictln/ts:3c9vmxg;qg +b8 grc: code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following ro3zwcxt2* 0j yeactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino aci0wtzcx o2*jy3 ds?

The diagram below represents the proc nygu)mdy6cb/+-u 29m2w1ebs gstz *ness of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how ne.eo)9nv*sa RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the*9env o) e.sna labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic cfm-z0j tvs9n; wg,i * zfy0+pzode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation aryui- m1jefk-9e not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows5lpc9++a ibk1qquj +q:u:jtk the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, e g jfkfix /(.144bpm*vileyrn+;cyc 2fy)7weach chain*c)w4rgifj(+y1 ex c y./42imblke;pvn f7 fy contains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA cons8l 0i(ph/fcw)mo 8ti y: hko 3fm6-zuyists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an impoqsg x(j05ve o+s2n ;1 jb-z;jdj(slly rtant role in protein synthesis. 0x(s sl gjqlje1jb vn2(j zdyo5-;s+;

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitf* op* z1upb8mz+vwl8ution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Whi*8 pzvfump*bz81 +lowch of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somat)r -l-ed4nftk r4g*w vcyx;d:fz 1 fx(ic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animalklfv(r: cer-xtw nf4*ddg zx1) 4fy -;?

  Which statement about translation only applies. b z pzrwwkx 0qc53i1cg:/ yu1dl5vi4 to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Whlwhvir: g9+( k be)t7xich of the following would bind to the position labe v+lb ei:( )7ktg9wxrhlled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of DNAtd*ni0)b.f+f ngqbzs) y0y vr p b+;s6.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryhjf3jh6w:5 c iotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different nuvmn: d5-4k bzxmbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated n 5bdkxzv:4m -number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characterishd o1r*;an (/oqjjp z vh-xm 71kw*uq-tics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragjy dezjlh737 52o8c wxment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRN b:smug)(g6aozp d3 -bA transcripts than the number of genes in its z-s)3b6o b:(dgpgmu agenome?