Which row in the table correctly descrii yx 00qq*:-g crdy+r:r qp7cqbes the shape and function of a named prote -rpc00d r 7gqyyx:q:irqq+c*in?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for*pv2 em k8-w(dp wd;qx proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutwmj c/b5ww8 j2ations?

  The diagram below shows the geneticd (lvu0xf s*nw(s: w0k code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding rclh 4k x/:uo gzzt/zztqx :9e8 04htzc7z;7htranslation?

  Which of the following caza)h s-zqle4 a2y inf2* 6d:aontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetine+z .wjb5 0r+bpt +xqc code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bf*a: :3ks5r ff6ngdhc onds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows tr;qdo1der )l dg pbtkw7i /ob a71u k7+5,*wpxhe genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bindi3,iych;f6 br4moj .cbid /8tzng sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of these h/8dmofzct 4j bi;br c6y,.i3sites?

  What does the phrase)zqrvqj4fgf( 8ua ./aec4rspx 4se.8 ‘the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following r8+f(kmjwmta:ka d. c:eactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino accaj:f d:k8.a+tk(wmm ids?

The diagram below represents the process of transl46 o0xtu 3ohmyation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribedqz(vt0acbu 6plnm -:8 from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X6(m:vt an-lc8bpzuq0, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genewmw*+dhhfiq g hp9ee68huf *n5+c8v,tic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not *b-obga3qa lj bmc,-xt6bzq)jl2-y l1wf01dtrue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the c d b9hyzey:wr-9g0db;kn )ay f5l20je orrect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each cha3 /f9b erxphgqa((xo6 r y5f;hin contains 20 amino acids5693 oha;bhfg(p(r efyxqxr/.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the fokme;e0;do7 ( g 7ctmsollowing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plm;je1 wk ,+uguays an important role in protein synthesis. gjuw+u,km1e;

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substituti,1pbc 3daz)+ja mi, k2 enyek/1ap n/ 7ty-magon mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of titz7m dpj 1 ncae m)k,3,1y 2nbeaapy-/g/+ka he following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell 9(ji+mzkh0 a5mzsxj+- 8kzvw :l;bcpis changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect j zc50k bwj +zzmh 8p-l(xv+:miska9; other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prok pfn d;/qc-x axtn w,uvd+g)13aryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Whi1x754jmhcidr*d7l0 . . a zc8ppqqwmjch of the following would bind to the position labelijcx1l4 h qdwcpz8 *..j5pam d77q0rmled R?

The diagram below sholptt( *t3sl-5oru: jqws the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and proka. as*aq/, 1)k h.4sg5ny2 gxeyjkqh)vdpk)x lryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms fr t1r h9 fec;w4-/pmm;sx *zghave different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number;g1rmfwx cp /t4hsrzm*e ;9- f of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the ge;z 2o j,u2inkusm:jp.uo lm04netic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a jutub ld o*:fug 0o(23short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the numb7q7koq:b etj(er of genes in its gej( q7keo q7tb:nome?