Which row in the table correctlyz rfrsh:o8+* o describes the shape and function of a named pros o+r8z*r :hoftein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material codic4pp) orepct:.01bjs) kj95ezpztt1ng for proteins?

  Which of these does n5,0l udkoavb 2ot cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows th xjtx; n10)6dsmi6 i*l yage8sg-g(bue genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translation4j2o5h/ky hjl ?

  Which of the following c5ln l1 wvw-9*tw otj7montain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code. 7z jwu4y2 a/ w;xv-lr-1u8ryu5kimhh

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bond7,h )uch6hgdys?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic codo v7j1qomu e5f:xi23ze.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which stateey dsiau7d6.)x4 we/cments are correct for the functions of these sita cex.7)eisy4d6wdu/es?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal c,b08hm9kf8 yrg:rnkev3fu4 ’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide f j1iegvbjmsyr5qz,158.2p tz rom two aminzzt58ypes, vr1 j q 2.jbimg15o acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translatxu,yhku, v fpb2ik4 a*su9s 2-ion.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribeddan tv11y tn5g2 na.4w from DNA. What structures are indicated by ayg1 w2.1vtndn 4an5 tthe labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows t:b :2p,zhcssvqbap :; he genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not truxphd .f8vxac3 c ep0:/e?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?ue0p2/ mi)adg;b(lqde j j 4l+
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chain)-cb6srhw r8xnh askte 7r*7. mc3(iqs, each chain contains 20 amino acids.m*iae r( 7w)nxs-3hsbk8 6t qc7hcr.r

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the follo+gxeam hq+/ sza*oz(2 wing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein c3 g.-v6evbu,klah uzbeu,3:8x s nzs.( uxd-synthesis. ve. x.ud u-v z-uz ues,cgbkxa 6 l3b(,hn3:8s

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not pr wqgrzcjs8 /,;mn *a3ra/nuo) oduced. Which of the *n;s,8 m/j3/a)zrqouncag rw following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somat.7h 8 8cu0lda: luobbuic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect othe l.uo8a7dh8 ucbu 0b:lr tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to proka zc0feuylq, 4p 5j1r*kryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would 5 i/ynder-,izkc 2,pqbind to the posi 5qrpi,dkcz 2 n,y/ie-tion labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replixjv -2*pc z (z0khowr,cation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic tranvkoq/m o)y 0-l;8,ixwie.tq lscription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of li5l)/ u n9swo7 vd:pd6cfn zuj,ving organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows/d v5pwunf) c9o dj6n7zs,:lu the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of t buljho:- 9+llhe genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of th6 8hruxx bi,pth he+,;e DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larg/di/vzihgl /tltn u,** uv9i8)3a o8q8iv vlher number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome i8 l8uvvhq uoga/i *,v3/9izll 8 vtdithn/)*?