Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and fua4onh f/;r;obng+7fci h i) 6sineo) 5nction of a named protenhnis;64ofehn)a g)b ;ir 5i+ o/f7co in?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for p8hrj3g9wxn 1 sd ae+1wdw*q6v roteins?

  Which of these does not ciy.fuj 4tj7:g9 )qh h,2bytajause mutations?

  The diagram below shows tyhv.s6s0dvn 09x ab6ec 2ek+ khe genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regaztd:qu6d:8vhnxk1os1oz 5 /b* egu +xrding translation?

  Which of the following cp0 wk-:q 4ck-aovu2*,yo gihcontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the ge0j5ki4mfb e3xa i6k v-netic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bondsg/bmj7cio 3k4e2z. n d?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sho qzo co( 4c+opkn0yufi75y(+aws the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three b 7+a5i91axa;nvxtty binding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of 7txyx1b9n 5aa;vit +a these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic0* ,zef nwuop0 code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formatio1k 7wa:m7-v uvpx z;grn of a dipeptide from twoap g1 vumz:7v x7rw;-k amino acids?

The diagram below represe s;9xd bu8la +se ip1a5t2iw m.np5uf4nts the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structu qlrime ) c,8mr7 ca6i;8nl0vtres are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z?8l ri68l7ce,ma;ct)ir0 mv n q

The diagram below shows the genetic 5ft*shifg+s4 code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about a*g*5b2 .nsqw kydp y1translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following sho6*szjng c o* /oyxss-q* e519aqj*pd tws the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below show1f 3rm2z o3kqztq6t+;8m lhqls a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain cokmlo+fq 1 rmlz tq328q3t6hz;ntains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotii dc5j ,yd+2 nj9shnoker 5/0jdes:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein synthp ic*i5+ws jb.a 23cwkesis. 253sc+b wwa .c *iikjp

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and acwkd9ig w9*du * hxu(:h1x+b a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible con g:i9(xahu1hxwcwd bd+ * k*u9sequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of5wzs9xk26 e. g0p ohxr11zqmu a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in ths69 xp11rz2egqzh5xk mwu.o 0e animal?

  Which statement about ts4krvlpu* t.qh3d* ,k ranslation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecul9ra: ; h.ee8g) ogejkpe. Which of the following would bind to the position rep ke).g9ehgj 8a o;:labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of DNA.9.;wdnq 5;niur n+zmu


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcrid y eang z(l7*/6b+1mkcd/mj qption.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of f ct-9 -fhty;v85qwdfuw -h,z living organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes ftdq ,-8fff; u-cwt5w-y9 hvhzor five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of r0wa(-cke3q l ;+lt 0 hj3fjllthe genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short f ijd)1y.gr8tux t. h4xragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a loic vi20.m q+04x fgzrarger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genomeoi+ 0fm24zi0.qxvr gc?