Which row in the table correctly describes tt ilx kww:2i;/x;6xwqhe shape and function of a named protewwx6i ;2:x qk/l;iwxtin?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for f-ytu yx:,d);bmo p t;proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mut q;ztjho d:6g8ations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tabl3,9 t jnql8ffnmnpb80e.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding tu26uix2i( ajk8zj*e m:(x:a 5im melnranslation?

  Which of the following50p (spets:rg contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genogph(i4, abf.i/, ra jetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the followi.ymp e2-r4lc w/y)m dyng contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the ggs o nae5o61m pvzp9+2enetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the functia h+/pc; i)svhons of these )cs/ +hpahvi;sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is unive7bzbj 8pqn qae -elx79xcas. 9c44tx7rsal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the fn ozgx/9o03kformation of a dipeptide from two ami/3go9o0nxz fk no acids?

The diagram below reprenzuefbd;sgis5j8 u 0c;c01 s .sents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is tratzho+rhs o9v8 *84gq inscribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, a8hq so4z8 r9gti *+vhond Z?

The diagram below shows the imm)- v l ,m*;f+nt5ip31lgp or:bvkd genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about transla0az l 9ltv nx(3l ,6;v:hsmnhation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following sho. u0q/8rax;jmaxrms : ws the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three poly7.*buu)w 9 l7kbfla qqpeptide chains, each chain con*qb )7uq9wl .alu 7kfbtains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of trc,0 q2s/yupw di.9)vb ( srr:bgo2kihe following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein c,-n(u rkud1d synthesis. -dunukc, r 1d(

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codi;gz j8oq*de8i*/ bkwon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequenk qjod/wgb88*izi *e;ce of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed 2qaw+p std0o rpnxu(;9g:g6ain an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following couldtrwu+pa 0gngp axds9:oq26 ;( most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryot/u fs:oef+)/z0bws elgp wd al32k47ues?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which ofkcrm(/szo dsvjm 7 vu,*,,t my :3ul+y the following would bind to the positionc m vy 3mlz+uo:rt7/jvum (*ysks,,d, labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of DNA.y ar3oq: dp/i.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prok0.ph+o.ude ui xz5q,taryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms havesu: /czp5 l7upgky m :9dri4r) different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table showyu 7/)g:mz9:ucd45r ilk rspps the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic codi azg(sv aeid+jh0./;mdq 7 *he.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA mds9q4 fjf;j.; v g1euti5fry (olecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than th cl ziih y96e/wg 25ce,ud)7qp4*4 kkmcegrc8e number of genes in its pi 4d9iekm*cezg k wc/ 85uhyc7q2, 6lc4r)eggenome?