Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and functi83,jsf,r zgpzt-j o5 uon of a named protj5fo ,, 8p-szzturjg3ein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic vb 5d1gc:iglw2,dq.w material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause m4ss9- b3we )p1os pxidutations?

  The diagram below shows the genhy hm j;6jo5k*zczy53 etic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false reg2 6,xmigz* ubparding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds? xf 9)s iy: ifebit41xg :)eb8w
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genet0mc )u2.xsp soic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the followint*yg kr* w.fd-g contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic cod2ahk3icgp /5i e.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the ch4b80hlx*jt+ b :bvzfunctions of 8j4vh+ hbtlbxc:* 0bzthese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is univers) xj.u pgyuv3/l7z0( y k+hrytibz:)aal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the f01g mer(8vf avormation of a dipeptide from twofmgv(rv 018ae amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translasq ; 0kx6uef;aycu/ j6tion.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcrimyzps b.o)7x:9b-:psh) 3q jyzgtr5k bed from DNA. What structures are indicated b.7:kqs)z3 9 y )bpgb:hsojz5rt -pm yxy the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic coljq ;x 43 aa.kkgo-tw5de.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about trans kmu)cuvq:/+q6 ntir:lation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA syntwi0 7p0vknct 0hesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polype o;t1 :eyes2r;kz3cv ev)a7gaptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino v)gck7oavars3;zt1:e e ;y2e acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consistr w( c7rftt(r8m* g9egs of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein syntheqapdrn/fg5z 5:co.vwq2i.f .sis. ni .avr2fgcd:.w fq o/.5z5qp

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is no,, jp-b ey7veol; ga7at produced. Which of the following ib7e,jg7eapo ;,y va- ls not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell isgm+5 9bic /dh9v-hncs changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following cvc5d-is/ m +nghhcb99 ould most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotes?uad7 g )ca3xy4htq2e1

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecu y).w rqf3efh8 tyj/x)le. Which of the following would bind to the positi e r.f3hyf )xy8)t/wqjon labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replicatkoviy(g mys ,1p/ gd1 :elbh47ion of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between euk n1miy.bo 6lc)f//bvcaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of b -xf((/6z9*pg rz abioi, ocrliving organisms have different numbers of genes characteris za/ f( ioigr(rbopcx*6bz9 -,tic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the /g 1w9ocz 5m kqse-fx.genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragmen l5wcn t7c-vh9t of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number u t9y5wjh .sfk3j .do05-d rz;yhx9ilof genes in its genome?99hzfodw0 y5-txuhrs.dyj; 3jilk5.