Which row in the table correctly describes thvx- -hszi.w :ivjmu(9e shape and function of a named protein-ui:xiv9jhs mv wz(.-?

  Which nucleic acid cartlx0n5+4x 6cswh8pd aries genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not causeoq* lh6s/pb,e mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic colnvz0i.3;ku ;v tbsy- de table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatqwqrimq0hb: e:1gt /.2y4v jmion?

  Which of the following con p:lj,bbu5iyu)8.jsslw ;,a8ba y1 gbtain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geneti nl )zbl*tw72+bvi- wfc code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptidq c 3n:(mees5qbv2jo.e bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic codnamob6 sq 6+uh:6m)* xab:fuc e.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct c8ln18(lp;s2/3( hfnq:k1fcfl t fcee5ldc tfor the functions of thess1ec:l kl1f2qf( tf(ftn 88dc5ll/3cc ;nphee sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the geneti,r3hae7j(,7sy 2zpl vqj wma9c code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactio g12;ral wyma4ns results in the formation of a dipeptide from two ami a1y4la mwg;r2no acids?

The diagram below represents/ bhu t7j ;jlvws8m(l( the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are ink afuv45p, bxr:exp5 ;jw m9mt6p0g2g qe. cn)dicated by ge m 09 x:rq,x.c )gfjm;tben5 u6p45v2wkapp the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetuutaqqvfc.4 7 1; 4hdaic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not baz+bn;1 pm-cb(hhk:ew..ty true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following1:j) /pxw ;4q ddltgov shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of threea)1q.xw+9ovhz0 g 7 xl3vhzcu-,fkdc polypeptide chains, each chain cgohfvchwc.u07 ,-z)l3xxavq +91d zkontains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA ror/; lwx 4ii0 sovqlzy29n(6consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important rob0jj 15g3j72xba8cfq rfte f*le in protein synthesis. fca t gxb3bjqfej01j* 7r85f2

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop *,nypdif30if codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutfypfi* 30 ,ndiation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an1 b5e os8g 6ln*1.n cde.alhdj animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tgdleb1 1n6*lsa8eoc.ndh5 j.issues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryote4we 1-fub ugh0y;kt)*csq8kgs?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the34x+ o5zx /c dkaamjski .0c0q7qttv( following would bind to the position labelz( ackt43q+7x/iv kom0 t. daq5csjx0led R?

The diagram below shows the replication of07k4i 9t (un q p-2es2tmijdlgm1-mot DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryoticc,ddwqr tv a0xq,62/w and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers ofsgefh u,5joj u0v/vrq, 3(y +o genes characteristiq,gvry h0uoo/ 3es(uj5vj +,f c to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic code.5k .h*ugjcp96 atku.k:6* f jfjzc2t*y4wfvb

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of7z2t3(mph.0z:y w/a nb(riv.y fu yvm rhz).o the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger numbe-/a) v v7t fe/imi1qior of mRNA transcripts than the number of gq/vt )/ iv1foam7i -eienes in its genome?