Which row in the tabz)xwz* ibn43 ka;-efhle correctly describes the shape and function of a named prot ;z4fhnkx*a e3-)zi wbein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding fok8gt;7.8h k eyfggevr 3u; :xjr proteins?

  Which of these does not cauh))mp rv u)mt0se mutations?

  The diagram below shows t(doww7vx6 l( the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is 7oqen(c k;ih2false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain /whsi+w x146wwwjho )peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gen.e 5wxqvq8bvd 9v4o-jh wfh+5etic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain pepmlv)d:yuu j4* tide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows ths-/awmcyq3fq j kz4 (:e genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correcyl ,di* *p1e;+ubn3mw ey4ir8c8czno t for the functions of thpbi, 8zc8 wyyen+i*en;uo4mlrdc * 13ese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the gendod2bfd9dx((0 xd k8 ketic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactionj3;lymbc 3/ai, , psuns results in the formation of a dipeptide from twus;/maij, lcy33pbn,o amino acids?

The diagram below rep4g o/c ix; ;vuhyu6a9presents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA isqcjw 7,g w2o1y1 x9mtv transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y vc gm1y tqx,ww97jo21, and Z?

The diagram below shows thnwyq -e fz5*i(n3*irg e genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translat9g9 y)4:ybktbqe q oj/q6wwf.ion are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?4/jijq;es: z xfc(9 n9fwoy3sntk -i1
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each *x1)ckqrd/qk:pjgxnxhi(; 8 ho0io-chain contains 1n)ojhhk/r*0d xq:q;i op g k8(- ixxc20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following wz4,n.0nhopsk -d (e8zt e:vw nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a mof+gh05 0;ypf2 5cgye:g qvq;iz9 -ggwe; ew rhlecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. w50wiefgqcgv p :qg 9fey+0hez ;gg5; h -2yr;

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop coad,f pu 0g gw--1fsb.nx k67qndon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequenc1b -d -qx0pgw6kfunag nf .,7se of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed ihav-55 1 (ehma)94 jzhdw qxmfn an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could mos49 hf(5 wemvz-xqd5mhaa1hj)t significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies tvxse4r ol 600io prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind t 1g5xvushu a ;66f3fzmo the positiv sm;6u1fzgahfux5 63on labelled R?

The diagram below shows the.o wq1z7*gq5 pk-ipiv9l 3tzxx 8sm 0k replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcr*orrs-u .rc ;5n(qngqiption.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living o(ct2zqz qc:l6lkh 7 p f00nkpm,;sso9rganisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimat 9zhm 2skptsk0zofl;0c,: nl q6c p7q(ed number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characl frr oq +5rm. oj*u56fyoh9*fteristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA mol g4,fj9ixx du*ecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a lbc3,jm.c 8rgj arger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in itjcb3r j,cgm 8.s genome?