Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and fu.vriq3np14r nrak w/m85 ej 6pnction of a named pro/rw. e mpkp r458jna irv13q6ntein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proteinsu a xe;w/6hbt-xl* 3ek?

  Which of these does not;l7g*gju -prlwiqe o) r*. nx7 cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic c 272oyvi.5oj t(kue yyode table.

  Which of the following statj+bz h9m-lnm8ements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following c q+lkl7a9umd3 cci2djnp j .0)ontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gcxa(; gmyen: .enetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptq 0slm/ hd bm6js,56boko 8fm(ide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the geneti4cu w n4 7cbay1;pxe9tc code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bindh8i2 lex5;wv g/ohu6 *hx a1mting sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of tti5a m6w8g uoexx h2/*l;hvh 1hese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is univewf:holkp) 0 p5rsal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results lr o 3rsb,io*)in the formation of a dipeptide from two amilb)*,o3rr ois no acids?

The diagram below represents the prp2yt;bcvi* ge;lq3 rud5z 1c-,td8bjocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What struc)uc)a0ox ljhrn )cng 7 :vr eyp/:u33itures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and nnocg7lu )vjh u3)x a3p:e)ir/c:0y r Z?

The diagram below shows the genetiq/v:o zvi ixg)nei )+:c code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about tranr/xldxj 3x8vh( pr)n2 slation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synk(fh7l3eua( v rvr/ 5kthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, eacf4tar8- k bk;t1w6iqx3nt e*gh chain contains 20 amino acidsaxb 1qg wtnif;-r *tt8 kk64e3.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand op/6bc+dhnl (keh hn)5;x*tsff DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays ahx)bp:pev; y55x twz *n important role in protein synthesis. bvyp; x*h wzp 5:x5te)

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced; 5i ,h7ndq ffm7aa9nk. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of tm;d,9i7 kh 7q5 anafnfhis type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an aro9g(f0+cu 5x34y (ynxs n felnimal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most si(foxnx 0sl(c r 9eyyng5+f4 u3gnificantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryoten-/qx/ wrag6yc* pvp 9s?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molvat: 3b5(lt2fc q ,94/ h(zh2u)kqznv qtijs xecule. Which of the following would bind to the position lvf bshcvkh42(l:i zqnt t)q29axu /3z ,qj5t(abelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication ofl1yqdu cn3 4w- DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish betwee*59z tyc4 )7+lvag: .w;evlpfbsal jnn eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbqf o(d+d9/v fcers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows thec(dfod/v f +9q estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the 9: o8zqr1olgrpn/4 gf genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molerfj+ u d3hnd+jbz flh,y, /fc:tg az0+v2hu15cule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than to9p(6tk 7aocvdjrpfkxd / 5)1he number of genes)f6kkv5dt9 dc xpj7pra( 1oo / in its genome?