Which row in the table correctv3+ ub6rh9as.rcm;bk).j zbi ly describes the shape and function of a named protebjhmub+i;bza c)s3kv..9r 6rin?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for protein(p kwt/v-2xuj s?

  Which of these does not cause mutatiowwfd)70f nby9ns?

  The diagram below shows the lx l*)e *wmi:lz:p4dn genetic code table.

  Which of the following statemr)ha0(o ec(hr ents is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds? 7q2:j o; * ; jslt5+x capr*ovuxvr6zx
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gene ucvq.j.9h h05zl z;cotic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain pepti3 (ig* vz-pm8y *p44puorjpho de bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below showi g0334 1mpcp4rkpy mti.w wv+s the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statementp4exq9bcsguany(7mi *pq: )5 s are correct for the functions of these sit:) n5ep(c7up9qi4 x* ba ysqgmes?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetp.bw:.;gs ifno 0q*qsx/0 yv aic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in theji /955ct rixzx+vkp 3 formation of a dipeptide from two amino vi9 cjz5tx5i x+3 pkr/acids?

The diagram below represen8eed 0k6eik 1jts the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNAut+m ar np9kp01uzl 60. What structures are indicated amu0 09npk6zutr1pl +by the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic co1dloh ,5 vpfn*de.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements abou kohsc0z(2eq(t translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows 1c+jk* t5yhks the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein cvz1j cgwi xz6red ty3c:o45,;8*xxl s omposed of three polypeptide chains, each chain cos5ylx34 8itgw x c6 ,;rxczoz1:vjed *ntains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the fo54l zkduk)8 udllowing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that play0 t*dt h.sfa uxxi/r7.s an important role in protein synthesis. /u.a0.xd7rh sxtfi t*

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation oco sm.1 4-onkxjcurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of4 .o-j1kmnsox mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutati 6/)inmwtd2gdo f oi72on, which of the following could most significantly affect other tisd g t2m2f)/iow7idon6 sues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to q1 nw3r d9y-r7 7vjk uhnx+vf.prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following wow4 b3)l)bprk v; yzfc/uld bind to the position labe4;pkb wrf c/3ylv) )zblled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of DNAps4 oc;v+pjs* :dvo /f.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcripti0(f+m rvqo3v .rsn.br22 z plc(ek8fk on.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living orsrpbng.r 1q /0ganisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. Th.s q rg1p/rn0be table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristic3 z.4 lgpypsr:s of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a j-v+l83 85hpq-mmu fj-v d7hhxsgsv*short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produci792hr j j;ylke a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number jh2k 79ljyi r;of genes in its genome?