Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of cu5 xda4j :nk+i,x4et a named proi d5 +nx4tuk j4,:axcetein?

  Which nucleic acid carrieq k3:ht7d gw*c/ ij1j:3dtgjedv ,ar7s genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not(jbx 4f8wrs 3(, sukyu cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genej,h3cv,;rr hb3 m, pavtic code table.

  Which of the following statemem(3fkam:hso pi6 -z6e b0 +cxents is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds sz)af( swm gl2)r-ez7o7nfb/ ?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetlhx*vh0w8:oxy76v sg c+m 1 lpic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following*; -hx.sn fsdl contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic cn4j) 2* rfu seysi2;jtode.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for thep iw847 i0w(zmavfpl: functions of thes4pzw fpw( :l8i va7i0me sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is un+c1xm: rr irm6iversal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptider. :ashpcew ,z s4h75k from two amic.hp,k4h sr7s:zw ae5no acids?

The diagram below represents the process of t5xwgli)y4vv jp/m 3d1 ranslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNAp9e:g jo02 uht. What structures are indicated bhopg0:ej2u 9ty the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetw(ij: aeg r01 tpfiy,/8vem)yic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are )iwm+ bn2x5l zdv uo318.*w:fh wqrzmiqs7 f2not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sezn-p 8gm;;b j(u g,i9k4uwiu oquence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein cfm) op(ih cebt5h()(u omposed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amin)tobfm 5ipcue ((h(h)o acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of Dn0*kldg mr9m 4 8ce5veNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays anhv3enb me4;yc 9j cucqt,(v*8 important role in protein synthesis. vc ,n h*c83 cjbyme(94eqt vu;

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation ocb.n -au- taory sdarg/83;zt )2vnjz2 curs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence ofg2.rnadrz2-st ;ovz)jbyna u3ta - /8 this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is cl -7ulij5qpc7 vr)+yd v .svl3hanged in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect oth)jlu 7 -y7l. vlr+dviq5 svp3cer tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translb;expapf.m g1 2xh)k86xpv9n)xlt i6 ation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the posipe1e evhk/k 6hk5(u8bj0*p pati0 jpe(/eue58*hk1kp h6 kavpb on labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replaxqryp:; h 6*tication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcript(yz siqsmyuo.bq9,9p / vn*l6 ion.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have difs/4uiwvh9 eo-7f*cqfts r4/ m,v f5wlferent numbers of genes characteristic to them.7c4 u -4hlsft,mi5fv q oww9 /v*sf/re The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the g89ai zwp(zcqa hx9 i10enetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of theg6+,j iisu0kx+6mo yx DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA trto4mt6-5 nkbdanscripts than the number of ge-no6t kbmtd54nes in its genome?