Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function owbi9 u5a-8yue f a named protein9wb- u5euyia8?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material cojg e k 3m t,fcf,n5nh)/vnfb31ding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutdq5+70,jmvwl(p z jnh ations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic coq1l2p kl e.4ixde table.

  Which of the following statements is false regabxz/od2 kb9.v- xlob: rding translation?

  Which of the following contai6bg*pvmb z 2g5n h3e0zc36erkn peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genee) 4 g/ 37g/nltzrjyietic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following conta :+rwkuro;0 m /mlrr(min peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the. 0g)puidtb/px1 h7/pmay )xc 0qzq.k genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statemenspby3 7q(s(y ats are correct for the functions 7syap (b(sqy3 of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic 4bygk ;ow*l8,rd.ic ycode is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of jt,gx; hpq3 35:8+eyao vbhx ya dipeptide from two jx 5a3hty:oghe 8,+vpb3x ; qyamino acids?

The diagram below represents the proces r1tb fvaw2*;lngdzjd5i *gi6i ky)0+s of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. Whatb3ypg ;53bu;v fji5b j structures are indicated by the labe j;g;fuyb jpbb 35i5v3ls X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows tq.afxzgd i//wy )f8+q7dt52ek ni lo :he genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about transz+9pf;t+ rm r/h2z; mp qs)qivlation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows thewhel-ram4w 78/h6 nyn correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below sh pu: nh;l7iq+f:kw7:*1wiahpkz. vwsows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino acidsvw* :lq .pfk1s; ah77wnuih ikzwp+::.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the followinbc1:7gyvy a*tg nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in ph p0q arp9*s 6pa)jj nze.f19hrotein synthesis. je9napjfz0p6rh q9p s) .*ha1

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon 3 -fe146fkfwfhj, l meis not produced. Whic,-e fm16 fwh lfj3e4kfh of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an ani9ox c11xhcm1umal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tic1x9c uh1xo1mssues in the animal?

  Which statement about translaq*xtntxu lbab9qkh (730j .r3 tion only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would binm1xl k- x1,s6hjfe)rxd to the posikxs-1xf,1)r j6 l ehmxtion labelled R?

The diagram below sh) jdieydvd 4h/jf/a ( e+lgqtw( z63-zows the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic an -g5i.uozp)o kd prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have differmh.h f6ky)v d0 h:.sgkent numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows.f):yd k6gh0 vhkmhs. the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the charac7a4ih iec 9d8tteristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule.h(m+nr fing60de8 -ot


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger num q2xp8nke+oy 8ber of mRNA transcripts than the number of geney2qep8ko nx8+ s in its genome?