Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a nacmfq9:u f-zee : n(ezxk8g7/tmed protein?-z8metx7kzeg (enu /f::q f9c

  Which nucleic acid carries genetp60ssn2ze *7bph jn b8ic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does notayl2u lwk /apl52)i *u cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the gen,0w7- pz ustrd+9s: hcu egs8qetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regardi;o ;*wdp b;iukng translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide boa-:btvioj w vz)0c*8wnds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic cogdw.-+ *hrubfm,q1o vr7fu u;de.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain pep-rvr ufo7h+ j)tide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the geh iek b 8qt+dg47.bcy 7*ypd0vnetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the funct 2u2rx7hizbg8c qt-. pions of these spct27irxbq2g8 uh-. zites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ meanf-+(dc 4e* xea52xp:hg kh fyc?

  Which of the followiw bcp/9h d8a76sj8ac tu)u-qn ng reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two aminocuh jsudw68 8/cn)q9-abtap7 acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translfi3.mp+ efh0ti :rtm* ation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how 1y.e/ xmknw:ejr(lb 0.manu.RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, r0yl wu (/.bn keem.njx:1 am.Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the uvibv y:/(wb 7genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not tcc0txdy2viuo -6 +- xvrue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following showv34mi-e n 7u28u vnwcqs the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of:((yl0xrvco wq.(h+ m hth+c h three polypeptide chains, each chain contain0 xty((rohv(+q : mh .cchl+hws 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of th/ s9 e 1b3 fwxokxq(ilzsu*lh2-umc94e following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protei ddw87v5 d(adjn synthesis. 7aj dddd58v w(

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not prod(p29zz j9bz mnr:7sar uced. Which ojmza9nz9b2 (:r sp7rzf the following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is c fay) rhq4,(euj:pwc8hanged in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect ouehfq p, 4rcwajy( 8:)ther tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about tkh.kym-ld4y*kl2tf8ks u zn;k -tt. 7ranslation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the p( foj p8 smgd*yp;u+n,ositionu;*j,sp8dmyf(o +ngp labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replicatqlfwc -r(1zr tm2g(5fion of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic zq-lxc3qd1 y e,ouegho f,0 +)and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes charauk;m:m7 m:j cacteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes fo ;kmj:acm7u:mr five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic cozy ckn;nk4yc8 1 3/ocvde.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment 4xe pz1v*nwcw s3wa9v2;7hc t9x:lwxof the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce av4s,u d15 hgug*9* yh l8 fus7lqjl7ho larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its g7 h*lq 9l gdvs47oh jsyfuug1u 5hl*8,enome?