Which row in the table co6n ce02uoelcuo+jfgfs;:ok:7 z7 o 5k rrectly describes the shape and function of a named prol:coun7 ok5o+sefu6 g jfo:;0kc e 72ztein?

  Which nucleic acid cam8o62 r/e ghvqrries genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cau: 3). m cfz-sfz+emiojse mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tabo qc+87tn -w rcl.4r2bfu4ip gle.

  Which of the following statements is false regardbc4y- msdd9 z;ing translation?

  Which of the following cryb ofw;o) thj0oxz 4*(d:eey5v( wn (ontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic cr1m1wb 4z+giqd2x kv ,ode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following cont774ko/ i ieu1u6 bjioajh 2tv-ain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows thev.390ak7ay dms;v(jjzvu* q x genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. v/gsi s7ne2 8 xl5qt:e7x sdu,Which statements are correct for the functions o is exu,l q 2dge58t/7svx:ns7f these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is univ2,z+-m z*izc qi/ohrhersal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptid,z ksoo+rh,d/( qbk +ujlnz29w+:r oqw;l rq:e from twowob:/z +j kr2 , ,k rooq;+:uq(sh+rzq9wlndl amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translrmxa;3g va */:7a xrcpation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What struw/h/) x 3enz.x 9rehngctures are indicated by the labels X,xzng re9/ x3)e.w /hnh Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows-ny fodu( -7gm the genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about trans4d(7 ldrl3z9eqyl j7xlation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correc9z.f k/ blw+zwt sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypepti/h/ne+ixv4w1 l( t pnd;gktw+ de chains, each chainh4wgl1d/nx kte/ npvt(w;+i + contains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nu bgv.fslhb93n(1+*piighf u 3 +/ qudwcleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecilgdx4lw vv04;;w;awe.n ru( ule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. dai;40. (wwuvge lx ln;4vrw;

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs an 2vmmxwzi/.v6 z//t4zddnz(i0 wg4i t d a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a d(i0w4ztm/ v zz.//d2gi6zmt4inxwv possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a resulhclw6owflg8:m(jb :a 8 2yq+ bt of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in tcy(g w+hf:q :l8 owl2ma6b8jbhe animal?

  Which statement about translation only applie4 x97/jyb wltxs to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA moleculep i-g:a sko gak(2o7l4. Which of the following would bind to the positii-o k:2pa7lk g4oa(g son labelled R?

The diagram below shows tu3j4mcus (: p4 m+qh3ylp .tlqhe replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptionvlue 257 ngf/g.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of e.tk/l vfp24 ggenes characteristic to them. The table shows pg4tk v l/.e2fthe estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the5l wy8onk mf r04o0goye5;2aj tgq7:e genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of o6dbov *r7cn angi 7ff*5j (c7t,; mbfthe DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produive.a;x k/;sjce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes/ik;a jvs x;.e in its genome?