Which row in the table correctly describes the shape yi,n47g 6 qnrz:/(a b5jcaty band function of a named protein?aa7yjq,i 6 4(zcn5b r b/ygtn:

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for qjzbu)ct*p /krlsrpt,; 646d proteins?

  Which of these does not cause muthn ( hr4k+0rf,pmms (eations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic cg)gw d3h:+iz hk-spv,ode table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translaaqkxu1hi3 rl c,(t2 v-tion?

  Which of the followinv/g9s4jqyv 3- gr, ccpg contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the )sd wc-*t dx/3p yuaj)genetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds9hs aad6ov3 :t?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows thi2 cbio5jr i.h6pyp;: e genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sitd:-a6 sgt)8 nxloe v-bes. Which statements are correct for the functions of tbe -t:lxn a d)s-g8ov6hese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is unvu 4ehilon9bca p:3 0,-bd6txt zy+.v iversal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dippo ekmj7mapy k k4koa)*+ :i72eptide from two aminoapimo2 a) pejkym 7okk+:k74* acids?

The diagram below represent)zatl7 543 e t3npmlums the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What stmxzdp) frb- mf cd-at,cycg745)aw) 8ructures are indicated by the7zyd f-g4dcta)m wcr,)m 5x-8bfa ) pc labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genet4eir j:vm)pgw -3:e w4w kfrw/ic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are nw-f:i a-gs4vm3cev-z5kmc51 rw ) o jsot true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence ofoo d0sdzwdmq 62tg/p1t :kjx9xt8,/ a mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein com*p2w 8o 8bv7 z r3dpmw4vwj+ptposed of three polypeptide chains, each chadv3v8b8+jz wp opw*tw 2p7rm4in contains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the f(lc+*wj jxibv h;vb7 (ollowing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein sygja;(9*7yozcsxmk07 h ii te0nthesis. eiy;g9a0 7o(7cjik0tszmhx *

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutationep6*x dx )j:ws occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible cjw*xe : xpd)s6onsequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a resul3s+c1 gcajsbbpgt j .f)80i 3yt of a mutation, which of the following could most significa cpf310 s jab+ygtgb3j8)c is.ntly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotes?kft4d(d9ce :su*hbzj):hm l 5

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Whc tc4hu+ wz-2zich of the following would bind to the position labe+uhzt-z4w cc 2lled R?

The diagram below shows hgq9 (rd;qw ba-ud 6jrv8b; :ethe replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcroubefdgp asgbwh 0:p5(c ;5yo 1*:s2ziption.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes sn. 2f.wsx b5 jod*qdd8:l/mg h8mgg;characteristic to them. The table shows the estib;qdhxdsg. g8o/l8fd g2jws .5*: mnmmated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characte ho6 ,f8m(jpl8g /dvs7dus1cdristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA)gifaj ajuw.7e)q y5 (tv6k9 p molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger nume2w mgol9(j5lber of mRNA transcripts than the number of geeml ( olw25g9jnes in its genome?