Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and func,ga e oij99y-; wo 01pyn utm377i5zn uay8xuvtion of a named proteinznp58e0o79; vwiug,y y9u jiuoam xa3n7yt- 1 ?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic( rfk0zl )ctci/aas/m 0 ;mq7c material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutatkgata2 r,pbn4rj+) u *ions?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tx:ur6-4fk4 d: 7 yp(h3cxd nxwr7g wdedr- 0axable.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding trsc*ng 0j3+ktzanslation?

  Which of the followia3q o lhr7f) n)4agp-eng contain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetkst 5vf 9:otl;ic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds :6f ians dtd6fm:i9x-?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sho(d: )q/fjd/0ssfrg o3arg ph(e3(ql nws the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements arem*+/afjtgws 4iw -o 9f correct for the functions of thesgt-*9f f4+woaijw/ sme sites?

  What does the phrase6njejt7)a 2 w8v+vxs- gia9po ‘the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dip/3 rnw+hiekk0w2+d djkicc -( /zh*d9 dsq;rkeptide from two amino ac(hkd/rn z i ;kdw j kc0+3ddw+9*-i/erq 2kcshids?

The diagram below represents t.*el* w;fu cdjhe process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structure4 n./ c1yab* qurxzzw 1s(rvv-s are indicatedv v4zn*/qbaurx.(rz 1yw -c s1 by the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic code.zatqna;0y:xhj-evm6/ ( ) oa h


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translatibttqgtg9w0b* yi5 j 4;on are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequenct 6ghnl2g.f z;e of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein compottoy,e;kr k6c k54h6o sed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amin4,; yhr6ecko6 5ttkko o acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotiaz6xy0 7mf(y2k(qjjey z+aebk h);k;des:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role infk65jok4 fqb yc)56b9oh8f mb/lx; zf protein synthesis. 65fq958/ojmbyz6 o;fkxkcf f4)lhbb

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop 9k0:rbr mcl:f0wmn5cx 58zttcodon is not produced. Which of the following is not 0 c r:n905trw:x ckt8m b5fzlma possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic celxwb-iy+, xq o/e8 mzeym6*0 fql is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly q, qyx6omef8*-m0y + z/bwei xaffect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation onlytl-hh5fu;* 2 huwey9y applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of thecgo8bt 2u*7nd following would bind to the position labell8tg2b n7ucd*oed R?

The diagram below shows the replication o;on,dprg* kps*fjq 06f DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryo 2dw-y,p*:qi 6fkwknn tic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different number -wvfwu :7* +ruoa8xwps of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for wu ux w va-*:+pofrw87five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of th:)jt5v.d rv9tdo 6 hh-yaa o4ge genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a shortgr4 iz z523fzf fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mscil ,ld ; 1de hud-+*nd)oj;mRNA transcripts than the number j ;d1ec d-n ld *,);id+lumhsoof genes in its genome?