Which row in the tabl.jn n ,rmksv59e correctly describes the shape and function of a named proteis njvk n,9.r5mn?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proth(a/))gqk0ez +lk l syeins?

  Which of these does not caus t, n5;l/mimf(ny2y mre mutations?

  The diagram below shokia(gze c +max/v/t+ h*pw 4z1ws the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translation?q1 q/mmb do,5+hq.rso

  Which of the following contain peptidea(fss/6.ilb0*naaf t bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code. 6ab:uv1n)za r

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide+3dql8jnv5womak;bj* lm 9 h+ bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sh+ l, g1a8lt5lxgwbyns pv 5oq;; )avq(ows the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are corrg5jo4vhj-,i rect for the functions o, jvijro4hg-5 f these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic- fc3i r+;vpfbr obc;il7zg+7 code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reac2conjwx 45 ms8tions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two ami j85m2oxs4cwn no acids?

The diagram below represents c9s3ugya/95bmi7gnv the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structure:swy )(tggtw;rn2 esd5quxo9r8*f e 1s1x *h xs are indicated by the labels X, Y, and d;e wu rwh29*xsqegs:1s *1t 5ft y)xngr8 o(xZ?

The diagram below shows *hn5ec1*eicj(b:mc jthe genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are .l )on vwcif:0w.u+nn not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following sh :n/ dsfap ;pu1ped24f.oeddj/6any 5ows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a prot:dtsh/zy* ,;am;osjlflw b /-ein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amifo ;dl*htszal-bmj/y/,sw ;:no acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists luo uuuh-gh 4kx(5-h(sg2s 5my6ba *wof the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein sy d(napa1 cv.t04pz)a dnthesis. )nav 4a(ptd1cpa.dz 0

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitutim6nq7z7jj 7 vmon mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a pqvnm767m zjj7ossible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a p3.v3v3i kwr+azex*mqu6mt b, 7 jq;lresult of a mutation, which of the following could most significantlylj3k *i.m7b3qe q v wxzar36mupv;,+t affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotes m .om2bq;ygq4?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bi: kp+4rgb)yg2atxn : vnd to the position labelledx +ktb42pag: vg):ynr R?

The diagram below shod5 *vn9p --.r etd /4bvzmoiztws the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.:ikgnu :x +nt8

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living qdju lw5 r fu8s5b02 *puwqft31-1eiyorganisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of g 5wqsu0liw*11b-fr2jq5 u8tp ud3fye enes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the ) mb+cmw9)kh srg)oe0genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short rt8f9rmxan6) fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the numloq/ pk5ri:p a6 4l:m)q p)ndgber of genes p4r o/lq id:5kg)q:p6na)lpm in its genome?