Which row in the table correctly describes the shape 3f,dejdz:si4r 9mk1h( eyd ez1.d3c aand function of a named proteimjy 41z3z rdd,.3:c9s ad( eid1h kfeen?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding h-g hg2 p;b2*,bp7si heuw ax(for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause measv pkz;yz0s ev8:,) utations?

  The diagram below shows the genet 7cv2aye64mjj+-ekdf,w gn u;y*vh4 f ic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding trqgs aa -x8si16anslation?

  Which of the following c5ywqv-/wl0bekf3i) - sx f5p iontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetilonkuc61xv7xrplu75)s,7aby( qs 9v c code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bondqi6xmx. utl + r+vo;o1v-2quj s?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the gen5bkv+ecbz*9kq.u/aw 9:oqwk etic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Whichb e* ivv+7p61+lkk)uljx7 y vh statements are correct for the functions of these sv)elpu7+bxykv +6 h*l vk i71jites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ me.dm+vvm9 f uhs g:mh,4an?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation opec :16u )tdygf a dipeptide from two ygdt16:)uce pamino acids?

The diagram below represents the process oh a7*y9krd d:if translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. W6db1vj n yv;k0hat structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z?vn jd ykvb0;61

The diagram below shows the genwk17;zic p) n-t7yvsu(0mhz nv xs-3wetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translationj 26sn*xm8w ikorl,vu+ -v/iw-5 sa xr are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the followiuk6uzm;c ;eir5l; 1 iior.g**i.ghrf ng shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polu,h 0py-x zcf,ypeptide chains, each chain contacyx0uhfp ,,z -ins 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA con txio ) z6mel8-/f2lefjz:8fjsists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a m2*,yttg rk :-kz *.bgnzms9 3-tkgbmzolecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. g gk2 t--tny z kg.b:mb,*3 k*zmtrsz9

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitutionj xq22(fg4ucl rqt4u/ mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequjt42q(2 gcflx q r4/uuence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation,/0ly-y afebj ( which of the following could most significantly/ ea-l 0b(yyfj affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only apps) :gqz7v-)(d kgi;mqzwfgl) lies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Wh5xpdl 74br)gihk2)g bs15vws ich of the following would bind to the position labelled5sw)pb5rksd )vbg1xg7hli 42 R?

The diagram below shows the re(ew,n2tw q*5xir3o uvplication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryor( lc /7emzu9qtic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species ofetql) i eg:79 4o/)7f5fufcnoaa0zf z living organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table showfcf)ozfi 4auae9 tzlgf75)e/o:q0n 7 s the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characterx2n4b8l 7u-r a6xled e37 eizq6 3pxxzistics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a se2t20 knnw8q5enz:xk5-qheg hort fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote prgpr 5zya,2e1gn n,xa u9+ jhh6oduce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its ge9,aug pz r+en,2 1hn 5g6hxajynome?