Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function op51j4,xx 4ythqult s* f a named protein? s5 qxlt4j,tx*1p4uhy

  Which nucleic acid c imj9 rv26 amkqbhzd)zf 3c-88av*pn1 arries genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutamb19d v6pbgb6bcr z v2ja8,r0tions?

  The diagram below shows the geneticdkgo 5dp.(yj ba1.- ff code table.

  Which of the following stateu** t1bv;lsy oments is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following cv f-g wl92.qea4f5b)pn carpmq/l e35ontain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geg7o(g5 mg8dhy.ojlul t)5s2znetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following-zopcw m0* 51bajgs/i contain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the g *kf ;box4(16goyp zjyn jn9i4jsg 15yenetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct f3yuqaafj/5ab0 , 8 0ylnp3zl91jqypjor the functions of 51lp, y fajpq9/au0y80la z jbq3y nj3these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code izzrb6x:. nep 0b51du os universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from qlcw;u8vkuwwg/w ,f 31ekz 82two amino agwf/u zqwek wu3v 81wl,k8c2 ;cids?

The diagram below represents thv7 jzmu.lhif/ mkd2 9.e process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is s3wbni 6ji1c ;transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z?b ;3n 6cisjiw1

The diagram below shows t;bd*3* ej wod3-rx wlxhe genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about: q 41k1z tr -zq2munzdk4i4bi translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequ /9s i* c7mogkxvv+nm0ence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains,l nf lp4 3lj7+-racbc7 each chain conla4pn- 7fl+3 blrjc 7ctains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotidesa2y(tuara9c zo+j2 w4 :
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an importcg3c2oj*j9nard *c 7 sant role in protein synthesis. jga9j*7d r sccc2on 3*

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop .kliy5ud88 2hlbb:y mcodon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consel y8 kyml:u8b2 b5dhi.quence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell *ybba)q )5zno lg1o xc-qob i4s 5;f1nis changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significoyqf5)o)ax5n c-i4 ;q gb*l nb11zs boantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only v bst- vf5f,zdl,3 /c8 x5ukkl;dt4hfapplies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of thdrjvf+,lk6p9 8v1x u c cst:ih4z(6jj e following would bind to the position lcljicdf6z,u( 9t hx6+v4 rj8:pj1kvsabelled R?

The diagram below shows the ru ae/,zpxxc1:kot u k,tz56,beplication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotij k jz;0ll /scw)e4tm1c and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers o dei n/.g9eg8wn /r*pof genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes eropwn 8die./gg /n9* for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of tu3+ocg m9 rofu2 t+zyz02dd c8h k9u3tv0pt6 fhe genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule. (ne xrg9 i,, hz m*8cylt0)saq


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA t,iw: 6dmeojxzdxc:vkx j9+3) ranscripts than the number of genes in)kd de xximc9xoz+jj: 3vw:6, its genome?