Which row in the table correctl-jp7z +py4wx7e1oyk g9kq5b ky describes the shape and function of a named protein?z q4pwbkyx ge o71yj9p-k 7k+5

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material :hkqhzb(/q1ehl /z 7x*or;p ycoding for proteins?

  Which of these does not rujxzcp3m3te*-.-vr cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the geneti1 xv6+ohgj11yi0/we k mu n:2dqd0gzpyi/ ia2c code table.

  Which of the following statemenliu; b*bn8u8sh1 j k;ats is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following con ow 8rmoli3fuhr mrb3bzb+cpg/952*i7: u q-ttain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the g01,* wdi aqppw ir(*qsenetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide 9ub)z z:y 9v/wgd9lp(xipj m6 bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows r dtyml92jo1) npdl16 the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three/op p7h,bwps2o3i cu 0 binding sites. Which statements are correct for the functions of th37h2 iowo psb,c0p pu/ese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetznayb t j:wj)+zn:if 3 gl:a)8t-a6xzic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from twn s3j+ zc6:g :uzfqut53n:ucf +5 zu:gzts6qjo amino acids?

The diagram below represents the proces* qwmf o23.nnos of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicateux* +wru9 mdf.d by r+m.x u9*fuwd the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the gen:kabu+o,z dm: etic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are notla;krt2 9 s(sb true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthez(l b7d )b: hs:(cxrbksis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below showsad9c3xn*2dm1f d9 a, gx4n gqyl6k.jh a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino amnad9*yq13xxdl 24gc n fg dh,kj69.acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the followinno67e 5 xc hhwa/ 9qza/ed,1deom rl:6g nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a mot)qn-c q(z7hi f 3r6ua((bdhe lecule that plays an important role in protein synthesis. 6fh q(r 37u-qe()h cdbt(znia

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutg*rc7t6 c ;mmba(3eme*pb d.v ation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is b 3 crpde gmem.7;mcb(v6**atnot a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a resule3bz5c unf g /t0*.rrlt of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal crz0r/t5 fb*3n.el ug?

  Which statement about translation iz( 0(588 (r njv x*eti4weak9 +ik4ydltxjdoonly applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molesvwe(9e0u ov:cule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelled R? u oew 0s(v9ve:

The diagram below shows acf9a1o*0rtztgay 4v *rci -dvmm o/6r3bh11the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic k*z1sm4e ;ndytranscription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms ha3h 4 lbmvr3.e3xq,illy kt 9k8ve different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated numbet3b38q93rkl k m4.x hle,vi ylr of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteris0m0,f1 izjsfrco, xkb073yqw pr(d (qtics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a shopw lr /6t 0pckkh5e)a1rt fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA trah p 55nxg2zjei6, ,lpunscripts than the number of genes in its j5uipl gxep z,65,n2hgenome?