What three processes can increase variation in a populp.ielu+ci6 h: ation?

  Which of the following statement(s) are possible consequences to a polype9 vk1yz0xsudm;e)z+ p-m nrq0ptide if a base s+ e xvuzn rd)s9z01yqmp0m- ;kubstitution mutation occurs?
I. A shorter polypeptide chain is translated
II. An altered polypeptide chain is translated
III. There is no change to the polypeptide sequence

  The DNA sequence shown has been taken from exon rolo q3.ea9*4 a9rgw-/z ycnth3t c n61 of DNA within the human insulin gene. Which6 lg.3eoya r*c 3 o9ctnrhq-9/nw4zta sequence corresponds to a deletion mutation in the sequence?

  What is a possible cause of a genetic m1s a2ab4pv k8uutation?

  In species that do not carry out sexual reproduction, what is a possibg dz 1a) g(g,8dj(l1ll2rd;sfktcmg 26yk1 qsle cause olgkldt( g1 a2;s11d 62gcd8mqjz ) r,ykg(fls f variation?

  Shown below is the single base substitution mutation that cu( ( 3soilh kk)/ 7f9jlwmo+xo h-h ;m6xmjah,auses sickle cell anaemia in individuals who are homozygous for the allele. Which of the following is a result of this mutatiohj)9+w/x(f- m k6hakxo(7l,om slh3jh ;oui mn?

  Which statement about mutations in germ and/or s 8zcf)u* om. irhk0j+momatic cells is correct?

  This table is a short section of-ew atzide (ibx88 4.f the output from a DNA sequence database comparing the cyt8eitfx .w d4 8ae-izb(ochrome C gene sequence in two species. What does it show?

  A population of plants with no resistance +g6 :v lit1ygn4i1 koito herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How couldtiilgv no:gik 611y+4 this change occur?

Different species of living organisms have f73y1*nnxwq w different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for 7wf xn*q3wyn1five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000
1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Outline the outcomes of the Human Genome Proj/4i zs a.zz49q2: jkvbluh6bgect (HGP).

2.Variation sometimes refers to the differences between individuals of the same species. Describe the role of genes in variation.

3.The frequency of the sickle cell allele is higher in regions of the world where malaria is prevalent. Explain the cause of sickle cell anaemia and the correlation between the frequency of the sickle cell allele and the prevalence of malaria.

1.Describe how a mutation may ,c,m s qdb00( jehxpl/be a silent mutation.

2.Outline five causes of gene mutations.

3.Compare and contrast the consequences of mutations in somatic and germ cells.