What three processes can increase variation) 8 cfl/44blsj qa myx7wr9m;u in a population?

  Which of the following statement(s) are possible c 6xs0s (ogf:ffonsequences to a polypeptide if a base substitution mutati( s:sfo6 xf0gfon occurs?
I. A shorter polypeptide chain is translated
II. An altered polypeptide chain is translated
III. There is no change to the polypeptide sequence

  The DNA sequence shown has been taken from exon 1 of DNA yb7)r9u sge/a7m +dp he51l hkwithin the human insulin gene. Which sequence corrkdbge r7l7)m+s/95 eh1py hua esponds to a deletion mutation in the sequence?

  What is a possible causew.eih2x in/ l 2r.9z1plist8u of a genetic mutation?

  In species that do not czn8vuzbmr t iij70;4b7r1 9scsr 4c: jarry out sexual reproduction, what is a possible cause of 8ij:4vznu90;z 7istr cbsrrm c7 4b 1jvariation?

  Shown below is the single base substitution mutation that cau)d mx m.+ whg6jmc8-duses sickle cell anaemia in individuals who are homozygo-hc)jd wdg6mm8x +.mu us for the allele. Which of the following is a result of this mutation?

  Which statement about mutations in germ and/or somatic cells is corr.lgtzt.fm:-b / * 0run9xxf8op: srltect?

  This table is a short section of the output from a DNA sequy ,is y) ;zot5k(c()yof w.a(lowrnx7ence database comparing the cytochrome C gene sequence in two l c)(o,xyw7 o ki yaw5t)z(of.yn(s;rspecies. What does it show?

  A population of plants with no resistan2) +kzq- ymfk,x3qghcce to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occqy m-)3g2+kkzh qf,xc ur?

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of gc:y- -r+gk)wdzl 8 avkenes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated numbv +rcgzwd)y- k-k:a8 ler of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000
1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Outline the outcomes of the Human Genome Projec bur*;z*1a 0rabrk o/kt (HGP).

2.Variation sometimes refers to the differences between individuals of the same species. Describe the role of genes in variation.

3.The frequency of the sickle cell allele is higher in regions of the world where malaria is prevalent. Explain the cause of sickle cell anaemia and the correlation between the frequency of the sickle cell allele and the prevalence of malaria.

1.Describe how a mutatiotf.ux3+iyf9 in+d- qsn may be a silent mutation.

2.Outline five causes of gene mutations.

3.Compare and contrast the consequences of mutations in somatic and germ cells.