What three processes can iaaw o)2/yoz s.7u+rloncrease variation in a population?

  Which of the following statement(s) are possible consequences t/e. *m*poxi*c h vwopjp;9/g so a polypeptide if a base substitution mut*o*wpe9.gs/i;xpv co* ph/jmation occurs?
I. A shorter polypeptide chain is translated
II. An altered polypeptide chain is translated
III. There is no change to the polypeptide sequence

  The DNA sequence shown has been taken froy)4s7e p1xa0 f8x9l gqf t1iz8c.kfje m exon 1 of DNA within the human insulin gene. Which sequence corresponds to a deletion mutatp7fy8xezi8 .11)x0 ffl kst cjaeq49g ion in the sequence?

  What is a possible cause of a genetic mutatz1ar1n 6u:ig3 vxayly vr2*(y0+uzi n* 1qvlzion?

  In species that do not carry out sexual reproduction, w 6q3a e gey(;cuc4g*ewx3uwx1 dmis)2hat is a possible cause of variee1)wi m62y3x(ed;wc3x4 gcgas q*uu ation?

  Shown below is the single base substitution mutat(jihnqw)-4k0 *3ceh z 0hgu zaion that causes sickle cell anaemia in individuals who are homozygous for the allele. Which of the following is 4e h-0u(0*wh hz z g3kcin)aqja result of this mutation?

  Which statement about mutations in germ and/ui:pd ky8y+g-or somatic cells is correct?

  This table is a short section of the output from/**sgk+aqx;-se/ yhvqm1nuj a DNA sequence database comparing the cytochrome C gene sequence in two species. What does it k gq/ *ae +/suqhjm1v*n y-x;sshow?

  A population of plants with nohx ww g81m;xf e+n:xx*j62lz f resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this ch 8:*nxf+62xw lwmj;fgzx 1eh xange occur?

Different species of 3d.*msqu wj5 gliving organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the esti5mujqw*g sd3 .mated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000
1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Outline the outcomes of the Human Genome g (9mwz*qsv2d/olp,yuw1 i-aProject (HGP).

2.Variation sometimes refers to the differences between individuals of the same species. Describe the role of genes in variation.

3.The frequency of the sickle cell allele is higher in regions of the world where malaria is prevalent. Explain the cause of sickle cell anaemia and the correlation between the frequency of the sickle cell allele and the prevalence of malaria.

1.Describe how a mutatio)bf+:nmg6dt.o;vi y 6)g z abon may be a silent mutation.

2.Outline five causes of gene mutations.

3.Compare and contrast the consequences of mutations in somatic and germ cells.