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习题练习:Continuity and Change D.4 Cell & Nuclear Division



 作者: admin   总分: 64分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 24年01月11日 12:39  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The graph below shows the relatioyxzvi;9pw7 b,nship between maternal age and the incidence of non-disjunction. What relationship;z7v y,bwxpi9 is suggested by the data in the graph?



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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis is 26q79 fckh/ol vjoda (represented in the diagram below?


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3#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows chromosomes during meio; gjvq- 2uqk5q aap/a3sis.


1.Identify the stage of meiosis from the diagram.It is  I

2.State one process, other than the one shown in the diagram that promotes variation during meiosis.

3.State when the process you named in part (i) occurs in meiosis.It is    I

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly states the number of gqeyn3t nyk5+h/5 uh7alleles of a single gene which would be present in the nucleus of a cell as a resultey ngh k5n/qt7 u+5y3h of each process?

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which keyword is matched to the correct definition 0tc3vh6+,-6dxc oupqfxyy+8 apkg9z?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) about mitosis is/are truby k(lt2 yoj:5oy *-+4dlqcr6ddmso1e?
I. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during metaphase.
II. The nuclear envelope reforms during telophase.
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase.

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the micrograph bel,n+)pk4y a qbiow, which letter points to a cell in anaphase?


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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope br))i7 eeextft3,o ui( eeak down?

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which one of the following transport proteins only carries outmy/w6my h,-hvm 4ylb ,/mm6ti active transport? m4m6v/l- im,,hy6 tm mhywby/

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does nohap *x v87d(vtl7 vp0ot happen in the shoot apex?

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which type/s of membrane transport do/does not require enen :d5jlt8 0- hbgo1oz3lksd*qrgy expenditure?
I. Facilitated diffusion
II. Active transport
III. Osmosis

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represents a cell with a diploid number of 4. Wh 2x iv8op0 lqix,3au.uich stage of cell division is the cell currently underg,u3. pv 28oqu0ixila xoing?


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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph below shows a rootyg8c76 xa h8, ;oli1 ohc0ttgb tip meristem. Which of the following sentences correctly defines a me c;a tg xg7,obit18 hyh6lc80oristem?


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When does the random orientatio3y*hk-w:g inw n of homologous chromosome pairs occur?

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does not occur during m tvwytfk**o -5eiosis?

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a cell with a diploid number wl4wrfrm rto ds *87)oet)).o of 36 undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after cytokitf4r )o w l7to8w*roe))ms.rdnesis?

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows a micrograph of a (1a7 pxjjsfo5kr+oi /irc2k/cell.


What explains the appearance of the cell in the micrograph?

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) about homologous chromosomes isq8-oyaacue(8 a-x2jm8 oc2kw /are not true?
I. Homologous chromosomes have the same centromere position.
II. Homologous chromosomes have genes with the same loci.
III. Homologous chromosomes are identical to each other.

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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  This karyogram is for an m; p5evakm 5ky5 sn(5yindividual with Down syndrome.

Which statement is not correct?

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the cells of a horse (E. caballus) during prophase I of meiosis I there a 2gf)qg4ievl3 re 64 chromosomes. What is the haploid number o43fq g)2eigvl f chromosomes?

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which arrow is pointing to -q)) w-l nlnrya chiasma?


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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represents thee/g;5 s)9o z)pivpzgq :o2dvd structure of a shoot apical meristem. Which row in the table correctly identifies the processes occurinpeso do:ivzz;9dgp /)qgv2 5)g in the structures labeled in the diagram?




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23#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does meiosis promote vari-)uz si/vx8 lzation?

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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the followingjb/+zstyb n:slw0 o-+ statements is/are correct for meiosis?
I. It is a reduction division
II. It involves random orientation
III. It produces genetically identical cells

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows gametes probrm0z 5 k7eno6g)uju5duced from two homologous chromosomes.


What single crossover event could have occurred to produce the gametes?
I. Crossover between Gene A and B
II. Crossover between Gene B and C
III. Crossover between Gene C and D

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26#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which word describes the formation of secondary tumours from primkgy// -rzbf8 n */nkfvary tumours as a result of the movement of cel fk/*r -n/fzgny8vb /kls?

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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many chiasmata are kje.c9u h +:bfuyr6car0k0 i:present in the diagram?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement is a similarity between cytd nu4jv6m kb23hybwk 37g9ng/okinesis in animal and plant cells?

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis is matched t 2f 7m,ist*i8of3u opo:0bnf xo the correct description?

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) are true of meiosis I but not ix87j7qwmmtg) bo- wcq: vd,;k. xy4kmeiosis II?
I. Crossing over occurs during prophase
II. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during anaphase
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase

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31#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrograph shows an oocyte after the +g) g pwk.ua)i2t,h,ih0wfmv cf 7o;nfirst meiotic division. This results in the formation of one large cell and one small cell. What is the fate offugfip oh2g7n c + vm.;whiaw) )tk,0, the large cell?



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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly debpb )- m(y xcfy5q1z4tscribes diploid and haploid cells in humans?

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The following table shows ttb+jtn *qx0 b27z;psn he diploid chromosome number of a range of species.


Which of these statements is correct?

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What conclusion can be drawn from the karyog bfhx)-uj 8v*xm4* hvqram below?


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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following processes is characteristic of the meqn /laxf n)j,kdr;kn8j2p u02iotic and not the mitoj8xra 2), uf ln; dn0n/kpq2jktic cell cycle?

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram represents a bud with a shmb. iv9 +6wy,hpmuu (doot apical meristem.

1.State the type of cell division that occurs in the shoot apical meristem.
   is the type of cell division which occurs in the stem tip.
2.Outline what happens to the cells produced in the shoot apical meristem.

3.State two types of tissue that are produced by the differentiation of cells found at the shoot apical meristem

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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diploid number of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is 48. Which row vyj o36o7jrp;shows the coo p7jyv ;3orj6rrect chromosome number for different cell types and cell division stages?.

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At the end of which phase of paxae4glgfp1.- 6 e +p/jg n*fmeiosis I does crossing over occur, and what is the outcome of *-g4ljfp6npx e1afge. /a+gp crossing over?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following statements does not describe a o v0yh 1:uyxwme.0zzl3*j+y lh,jij 7step in the sodium-potassium pump cycle in the neuronall ,wjl*yo:zz1jvy0mh0xhi jye3 u+7 . cells?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row in the tabla. *q 0(yl1y9nvq ryuds (s1ege below is true of meiosis?

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41#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move across the cell mgka83cimr-zs 9 ox+y 1embrane and x91zcyg m83sak+-orirespond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.
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42#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Explain how mitosis isnbz 2 i99hl96 liar 6*kvvuq.z regulated in cells.

2.Describe the stages of interphase and their importance to the process of mitosis.

3.Discuss the importance of mitosis to living organisms using named examples.
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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows the concentrations of different cu7/ z2tks18z+er accl2m yh2iyclins during the cell cycle. Which cyclin is involved in preparing for DNA replication?ci7km rzaht/1z8 e c2u sly22+


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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The diagram below shows chromosomes during meiosis. 7hftp , nx2c0b

1.1.On the diagram above, label chiasma with the letter R.

1.2.On the diagram above, label a chromatid with the letter Q.

2.Describe the process of crossing over.

3.Explain how crossing over results in the formation of genetically unique nuclei.
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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis involves tyjv j8dnx n i+hn0v/*w l-r+):rm7odwhe separation of homologous chromosomes?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The mitotic index of throat tissues taken from 4 different patients is shoyh- :.uw.zdm mk 4bn0(vkzl x2wn below. Which patient is most likely to have cancerous throat td-u (4:.k2bmwzxln 0.hyvzmkissue?

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47#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Draw a labelled diagram to represent t1am jz kg0b (wg/7)xg-/ idfzp0nq1ethe process of crossing over.

2.Compare and contrast random orientation and crossing over.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows an abnormal huve ;i,i jq(kwl 1g*z o j49esli5gl5d1man karyotype.


What is the abnormality in this karyotype and its cause?


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49#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The graph below shows the relative amount of DNA in one cell during o7wvlh5 wiy2+vne complete cell cycle. Each letter represents onw72vwhil5v +y e stage of the cell cycle.


1.1.State which stage of mitosis or interphase is represented by stage B in the graph.

1.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

1.3.Bortezomib is an anticancer medication and arrests cells in the G$_2$ phase. If a cell shown in this graph began the cell cycle at A with 3 relative units of DNA, and Bortezomib was applied to the cell culture at stage A as well, estimate the relative amount of DNA in the cell at the end of C.

2.Explain why the amount of DNA in one cell remains the same in stages C and D.


3.The diagram above shows cells in different stages of mitosis. Label one cell that is in prophase and one cell that is in anaphase.
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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows a cross between a male cat 2 ixdgbm8+ b// k+u2il9unbrp that is homozygous for brown, long hair and a female cat that has bla2i9ubiu gl/b 8n+bx/dp2+mk r ck, short hair.


Which of the offspring has a recombinant genotype?


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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline how polygenic traits can show a normal distributionwj,2dxvz uhn ; :5f ae8o8h4hb.

2.Outline the differences and similarities between homologous chromosomes.

3.Explain why expected and observed Mendelian ratios may differ.
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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which gamete can result from the crossin-utjx0y1l+ n :4v wzmrg over of non-sister chromatids shown in the dxu+y mv-1 j04lnwz t:riagram below?


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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph shows a pollen graik3(ww;h5u x kin from L. candidum (Lily). Which stage of meiosis (;whwkx5 u3ik is shown?


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54#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the events which would lead to an indiv ad6a0, ,xcsl9mof6qg g2mdz* idual being born with Down syndrome, which*l906d d o,g, fzsaaqxmg2mc6 is characterised by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21.

2.Explain how meiosis increases variation.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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55#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The mitotic index is an indirect way of measuring plant growth. A study was cof:bs*1ma / (e /ktijbfnducted on white onions (Allium cepa) f1/b*efb/t:msj k a(i, under controlled conditions in a lab, to investigate the effect of soil pH on the mitotic index of the roots.


1.Describe the trends shown in the graph.

2.Outline how the mitotic index is calculated.

3.Discuss whether the data support the hypothesis that onion plants should be grown in soil with a pH of 5.5.

4.Suggest how a pH of 9 affects the process of mitosis.

5.1.Explain why measuring the mitotic index in the root is an indirect way of measuring the overall growth rate of the onion plant.

5.2.Suggest another method, apart from measuring mitotic index, that could be used to measure plant growth.

6.State one of the variables that must be controlled to make this experiment valid.
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56#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitosis and meiosis are t-: (j zjnsk.lywo ways in which cells can divide. The diagrams below show two cells frozj:(y.s-l njk m an organism with a diploid number (2n) of 8.


1.Deduce if Cell A is a gamete or a somatic cell. Justify your answer.

2.Identify the stage of meiosis represented in Cell B. Justify your answer.

3.1.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during metaphase I.

3.2.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during prophase II.

4.Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.
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57#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the role of gene expression in stem growthw;fhjsk*1 z+u .

2.Outline how growth is controlled in the shoot apex of plants.

3.Explain the process and applications of micropropagation.
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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagrams below show f3z69;qc- 3 -n)spmxex3oidlnt i; zt a cell, with a diploid number of 8, in different stages of meiosis.l zoit;m33 p-diet znc q6 x39s)-xfn; Which row correctly names each stage?




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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrographs show four tm1 5m/f lr njn3z2yz.phases of meiosis I in a plant. In what order do these phases ocz 2r 5/m.mylfnj3t1 nzcur?


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60#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitochondria are responsible for supplying metabolic energy 1oxi;ttzv/0(5m, dt2ytb hd aii gf 90in eukaryotic cells. In most eukaryotes, which reproduce by sexual reproduction, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited from only one of the parents: the mtztiy b/0di hv g dt0 1(5ofm,i9xat;2other in the case of humans. This is in contrast to nuclear DNA which is inherited from both parents. It has been suggested that, in some eukaryotic organisms, inheritance patterns of mtDNA found in hybrid cells, which are the result of sexual reproduction between two different yeast species, could be influenced by the parent’s genetic background.

In an experiment, scientists investigated if environmental factors could influence the inheritance of mtDNA in hybrid cells resulting from the sexual reproduction between two closely related species S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

The first step in the experiment was to produce hybrid cells, which were then grown on different agar plates, each providing different growing conditions, which simulated different environmental stresses. Cultures were then taken from each agar plate and grown in a liquid medium, with the same respective environmental conditions. The procedure is outlined in the diagram below.


The mtDNA genotypes of the resulting hybrid cells were then identified and compared to that of the original parents.


1.Describe how the pattern of inheritance of mtDNA in the hybrid cells is affected by the different conditions.

2.Identify the liquid medium which resulted in the greatest AND smallest difference in number between hybrid cells with mtDNA from S.cerevisiae W303 and S paradoxus YDG197.

3.Calculate, for the 2% glucose condition, the percentage of hybrid cells which contained mtDNA genotypes of both S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

4.Compare and contrast the results from the first and second experiments for the 2% glucose condition.

5.Identify the liquid medium condition which resulted in the greatest difference in the number of hybrid cells with mtDNA genotype from both parents between experiments 1 and 2.

In a final experiment, the team of scientists wanted to examine the activity of mitochondria, as indicated by respiratory competency, in the hybrid cells grown under each of the aforementioned growing conditions.
Respiratory competence was measured by using a stain, which stains respiratory competent cells red. The absorbance of cells was then measured, with higher absorbances indicating higher levels of respiratory competency.
Note that hybrid cells which contained both parents' mtDNA were excluded from this experiment.


6.State the growing condition and strain which resulted in the highest levels of mitochondrial activity.

7.Discuss the hypothesis that hybrid cells inherit the mtDNA from parents who are best adapted to their environment.

8.Evaluate the use of S. cerevisiae and related strains in the study of mtDNA inheritance in humans.
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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The table shows the number r 2vs.vx z lsl01ya+v zx)/p0wof cells in different stages of the cell cycle in four samples of lung tissue from four patienz/.zvvly02s +rxpa ) 0wv1l sxts. Which tissue has the lowest mitotic index?



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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows the dominant cyclin/CDK complexes at different tmx-t- 5jgd 4slz njinbnb /02.ime points in d n0--gznsxmbtji2 4. /5b lnjthe cell cycle. Which cyclin/CDK complex activates DNA replication machinery?


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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Studies have shown that genes such as Cyclin Depekq+ se4*h yuh.c ;9jixndent Kinase 3 (CDKN3) are highuk* 4xh +schi.yj eq9;ly overexpressed in cervical tumours.


1.Calculate the percentage increase of CDKN3 gene expression in cancerous cervical tissue compared to healthy cervical tissue. Make sure you show your working.The number is   %.

Overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours has been associated with decreased survival rates in cervical cancer patients and has been shown to trigger cells to exit mitosis and begin cytokinesis.


2.A hypothesis has been proposed that overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours results in an increased chance of patient death. Evaluate the evidence for this using the data given.

3.Overexpression of CDKN3 results in increased levels of cell division. Describe how CDKs and cyclins are involved in the cell cycle.

4.CDKN3 has been identified as an oncogene. State the definition of an oncogene.

c-REL is another gene that has been linked to cervical cancer and its expression is correlated with the expression of CDKN3. Using CRISPR technology, cervical cancer cells have been created that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-). Expression levels of c-REL were checked using protein analysis.


When c-REL is overexpressed in cervical epithelial cells it results in greater proliferation of cells and the cells spend less time in prometaphase (the phase between prophase and metaphase) compared to healthy cervical cells.


5.1.Looking at the photomicrograph above, identify the stage of mitosis that most of the cells are in.

5.2.Based on the evidence provided, suggest, with a reason, which of the labelled cells would be present in the highest numbers in c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells.

cREL-/- cervical cancer cells and cervical cancer cells with high expression levels of c-REL were treated with the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin. Both types of cells were exposed to different concentrations of cisplatin over a 21-hour period, and the effects on cell number were analysed.


6.Using the graph above, compare the response of cervical cancer cells that express c-REL and the cells that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-) in response to exposure to different concentrations of cisplatin.

7.Suggest a reason for the different effects that cisplatin has on cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL and those that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/- ).

8.Suggest why some c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells have a similar level of cell death to those cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL.

9.Deduce whether cervical cancer cells expressing high levels of c-REL and CDKN3 will have a higher mitotic index than those with lower levels of c-REL and CDKN3..
Cervical cancer cells with a high expression of both genes will have a    mitotic index, as they are dividing more rapidly.

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When is the concentration of cyclin E the highest during the cell cytoib** d9xidmr9 o ;f)cle ?


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