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习题练习:Continuity and Change D.4 Cell & Nuclear Division



 作者: admin   总分: 64分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 24年01月11日 12:39  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The graph below shows the relationstujp,tt ;/it *hip between maternal age and the incidence of non-disjunctijttu*it pt;,/on. What relationship is suggested by the data in the graph?



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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis is represented in the diagram below? ckm2qf0a;0-snbpw+jw eqtsz . lf; 7 .


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3#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows chromosomes during meioop6ub ; 87uiobx5. ozssis.


1.Identify the stage of meiosis from the diagram.It is  I

2.State one process, other than the one shown in the diagram that promotes variation during meiosis.

3.State when the process you named in part (i) occurs in meiosis.It is    I

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly states t sbf 5//ogih8 sqxh4o1he number of alleles of a single gene which would be present i4 ob1hifx s58hsqgo //n the nucleus of a cell as a result of each process?

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which keyword is matched to the coriq h/ i+g-bj tmh au 7d7ns-e;a.fy7:orect definition?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) abou e6+b /s 5;s)pmdihxaeci 3v5ct mitosis is/are true?
I. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during metaphase.
II. The nuclear envelope reforms during telophase.
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase.

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the micrograph belo5ou,j05 sarudnn/ e*a w, which letter points to a cell in anaphase?


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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During which stage of mitosis does aen 927v dp*gmthe nuclear envelope break down?

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which one of the following transport proteins only carries o-(gc)qod3mx rac7s n o21j e/q-dpg+*xyu ; ncut active transport?nc c p n mea* /x(qsx-jy)ru ggd2dc+137;oo-q

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does not happen in 6 5qkihn:zo7 ithe shoot apex?

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which type/s of membran :6 uii,chj5euzqi0bewz ( (5xe transport do/does not require energy expenditure?
I. Facilitated diffusion
II. Active transport
III. Osmosis

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represents a cell with a diploid n*mdc 9uz; jy(pumber of 4. Which stage of cell d;9mujyzd*cp ( ivision is the cell currently undergoing?


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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph below shows a root tip me37m ;ef;luj-(klfurt ristem. Which of the following sentences correctly defines a mer 3um-7 jll;e (u;ktffristem?


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When does the random orientation of homologous/dz*tjf ry84ppx 0k5e)*ito b chromosome pairs occur?

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does not occur during meiosrc wzx( 0c;bt9is?

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a cell with a diploid nlpkta e n0*6f5umber of 36 undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each d* 6ape5k0n ftlaughter cell after cytokinesis?

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows a mics7w tk1cc.jyxy :- e;yc ztj11rograph of a cell.


What explains the appearance of the cell in the micrograph?

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) about homologo1 uhpp g5::3ap zbdj+6mg eb4ous chromosomes is/are not true?
I. Homologous chromosomes have the same centromere position.
II. Homologous chromosomes have genes with the same loci.
III. Homologous chromosomes are identical to each other.

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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  This karyogram is for an individual with Down sy( zp 7/4brddplxlbd9 .ndrome.

Which statement is not correct?

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the cells of a horse (E. caballus) during prophase I of mertwvcml;0m2qv)z .9rn9 2i lviosis I there are 64 chromosomes. What r 9vq r0zv2m)i.9c2mw vln; tlis the haploid number of chromosomes?

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which arrow is pointingukpc0bqxu7nqrr gl8; . i9w.8 to a chiasma?


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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represeg kml0vio sn :f*j fc0p:t*m90nts the structure of a shoot apical meristem. Which row in the table correcvgfc 0:mnp*t:okfj*s90ml i0tly identifies the processes occuring in the structures labeled in the diagram?




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23#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does meiosis promote vari(+ 6vo qayvz8gation?

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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following statementgex -f:ufq8qo2yr+ v- s is/are correct for meiosis?
I. It is a reduction division
II. It involves random orientation
III. It produces genetically identical cells

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows gametes produced from two homolnmtgo p +(by,t ,+k*zbogous chromosomes.


What single crossover event could have occurred to produce the gametes?
I. Crossover between Gene A and B
II. Crossover between Gene B and C
III. Crossover between Gene C and D

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26#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which word describes the fo.;2vi zqvb4sm0(eh2 q,2cg lhto+djormation of secondary tumours from primary tumours as a result of t2hc+;jo,qb 4s ie2 mz(ovg 2q0 vd.hlthe movement of cells?

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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many chiasmata are presn4+tqa 4*w puient in the diagram?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement is a similarity betsm sd 7m9pu1v+ween cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis is matched to the correct descripz vj8+3 gkfwo7 b;e2hstion?

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) are true o ah0ajo-e:lzaa d(5um* r/k c9f meiosis I but not meiosis II?
I. Crossing over occurs during prophase
II. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during anaphase
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase

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31#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrograph shows an oocyte after the first meiotic division. This resd1gut tf5qp-q1 77cffdda648x-kf qu ults in the formation of one large cell and one small cell. What ffd aqqftd-7cqg-714t 6fupxuk1d8 5is the fate of the large cell?



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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly descr0(zxi2pyt z de+x xmp-gvp3j637h n)hibes diploid and haploid cells in humans?

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The following table shows the diploid chromosome number of a rak1,mms p6u;6jw7k3xd/ld ojq nge of species.


Which of these statements is correct?

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What conclusion can be drawwugshuo40 i: (n from the karyogram below?


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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following processes is characteristic ofn vvf j+:54nwb the meiotic and not the mitotic cell cyclfn:v j5+4bvwne?

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram represents a bud with a shoot- cu:zn269 ihmaoiwa4ky;xi( apical meristem.

1.State the type of cell division that occurs in the shoot apical meristem.
   is the type of cell division which occurs in the stem tip.
2.Outline what happens to the cells produced in the shoot apical meristem.

3.State two types of tissue that are produced by the differentiation of cells found at the shoot apical meristem

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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diploid number of the c2znbepq.kaeb+b3/(:e m8 sd i himpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is 48. Which row shows the correct chromosome nub3s 2p/(8z.ekne+ b diea:qbmmber for different cell types and cell division stages?.

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At the end of which phase of meiosis k0) xmml63wh-rvus y(uvc0z.pm6 8j tI does crossing over occur, and what is the outcome of crossing oy6mpt w(.3x 0s6-8kz)lu0mv rvjh cumver?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following statements does not desmdr/pjl96: *r bdu9wycribe a step in the sodium-potassium pump cycle in the neuronal cells?6b9:m9u/d*r jrylwdp

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row in the table l(n+ b2i2r spu9natg7eel(y ytw0/a:below is true of meiosis?

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41#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Membrane transport is important for allowing particlb ;m(jvc d3rk5es to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of th 53 jk;crmvd(be extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.
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42#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Explain how mitosis is regulated in *ldj; ++oxd1shqvc)p cells.

2.Describe the stages of interphase and their importance to the process of mitosis.

3.Discuss the importance of mitosis to living organisms using named examples.
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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows the concentratio3amehw0fx a e. irdn/ t3-z;+pns of different cyclins during the cell cycle. Which cyclin is involved in preparing for DNA refa .;0dei3/wmxe+ z3n- trp ahplication?


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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The diagram below shows chromosomes during mei*x (pzqqd)(c xosis.

1.1.On the diagram above, label chiasma with the letter R.

1.2.On the diagram above, label a chromatid with the letter Q.

2.Describe the process of crossing over.

3.Explain how crossing over results in the formation of genetically unique nuclei.
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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chrom;jbf,gavn/2u+2w kgrkf(4e a osomes?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The mitotic index of throat4ytw8l-lc*, gc nla +q7it( jk tissues taken from 4 different patients is shown below.acilc jl7- (k8yw+ *ltn,q t4g Which patient is most likely to have cancerous throat tissue?

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47#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Draw a labelled diagram to representg4;xa i19opq0 ozviooy06s-h the process of crossing over.

2.Compare and contrast random orientation and crossing over.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows an abnorma/6b( fpiuewvxu5 btktbj 3a-h :(2/r 6i;ptwpl human karyotype.


What is the abnormality in this karyotype and its cause?


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49#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The graph below shows the relative amount of DNA in one cell during one jl1 eh2mdjslk pn4 ,(5complete cell cycle. Each letter represents on,2p5 l(1j djk4 smnelhe stage of the cell cycle.


1.1.State which stage of mitosis or interphase is represented by stage B in the graph.

1.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

1.3.Bortezomib is an anticancer medication and arrests cells in the G$_2$ phase. If a cell shown in this graph began the cell cycle at A with 3 relative units of DNA, and Bortezomib was applied to the cell culture at stage A as well, estimate the relative amount of DNA in the cell at the end of C.

2.Explain why the amount of DNA in one cell remains the same in stages C and D.


3.The diagram above shows cells in different stages of mitosis. Label one cell that is in prophase and one cell that is in anaphase.
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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows a cross between a male cat that is homozygous for bro/ke o1rhk4 il8wn, long hair and a female cat tik/48koehr1l hat has black, short hair.


Which of the offspring has a recombinant genotype?


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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline how polygenic traitj ;ar0 ch5h 93uv ; d6sfarhu*/c3mmkxs can show a normal distribution.

2.Outline the differences and similarities between homologous chromosomes.

3.Explain why expected and observed Mendelian ratios may differ.
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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which gamete can result from the crossing over of non-sister chromrd,5ut:uk9 cm -.8y;udkiq cb atids shown in the diagram below? d9k:ucurkd ; .qbc,8 i5tmuy-


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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph shows a pollen grain from L. candidum (Lily). Which stagejemqi*9sk2: t 5j cfb 2,na7khy60ce x of meiosis ietkj702m 6s2ayxcqjn9kh 5f*ieb,:cs shown?


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54#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the events which would.eq u.(z9g oqm8k(55aqjk fov lead to an individual being born with Down syndrome, which iskkezq5u qma f.v j8o(go.q95( characterised by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21.

2.Explain how meiosis increases variation.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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55#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The mitotic index is an indirect way of measuring plant growth. A study jb84)mjgeq b0 was conducted on white onions (Allium cepa), under controlled conditions in a lab, to investigate the effect of soil pH on the mitotic index of the rootgjb 0em)bq48 js.


1.Describe the trends shown in the graph.

2.Outline how the mitotic index is calculated.

3.Discuss whether the data support the hypothesis that onion plants should be grown in soil with a pH of 5.5.

4.Suggest how a pH of 9 affects the process of mitosis.

5.1.Explain why measuring the mitotic index in the root is an indirect way of measuring the overall growth rate of the onion plant.

5.2.Suggest another method, apart from measuring mitotic index, that could be used to measure plant growth.

6.State one of the variables that must be controlled to make this experiment valid.
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56#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitosis and meiosis are two ways in which cells h*b3vj9n3czp73brptjh u( 5 kcan divide. The diagrams below show two cells from an organism with a diploid number (2n) of3 bj k*p3rczj3 vn u7(h9tbph5 8.


1.Deduce if Cell A is a gamete or a somatic cell. Justify your answer.

2.Identify the stage of meiosis represented in Cell B. Justify your answer.

3.1.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during metaphase I.

3.2.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during prophase II.

4.Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.
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57#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the role of geneih6vxy x 3jxja g:(0- ) qdktt86grzt- expression in stem growth.

2.Outline how growth is controlled in the shoot apex of plants.

3.Explain the process and applications of micropropagation.
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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagrams below show a cell, with a diploid number of 8, in different stagcqx b) pf dbehy8w 8xnu/)0k)9es of meiosis. Whxxd /9h0pq 8weyn))cb uf8k)bich row correctly names each stage?




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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrographs show four phases of meiosis I in a planuw j( wo-1cb*3td; vjvt. In what order do these phases occurc-jv;jww tdo(1v 3 b*u?


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60#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitochondria are responsible for supplying vb8n0gl;saaap ;1 uh*metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells. In most eukaryotes, which reproduce by sexual reproduction, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited from only one of the parents: the mother in the case of humans. This is in contrast to nuclear DNA which is inherited from both parents. It has been suggested that, in some eukaryotic organisms, inheritance patterns of mtDNA found in hybrid cells, which are the result of sexual reproduction between two different yeast species, could beasn ;ga8hbvl;p10 au * influenced by the parent’s genetic background.

In an experiment, scientists investigated if environmental factors could influence the inheritance of mtDNA in hybrid cells resulting from the sexual reproduction between two closely related species S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

The first step in the experiment was to produce hybrid cells, which were then grown on different agar plates, each providing different growing conditions, which simulated different environmental stresses. Cultures were then taken from each agar plate and grown in a liquid medium, with the same respective environmental conditions. The procedure is outlined in the diagram below.


The mtDNA genotypes of the resulting hybrid cells were then identified and compared to that of the original parents.


1.Describe how the pattern of inheritance of mtDNA in the hybrid cells is affected by the different conditions.

2.Identify the liquid medium which resulted in the greatest AND smallest difference in number between hybrid cells with mtDNA from S.cerevisiae W303 and S paradoxus YDG197.

3.Calculate, for the 2% glucose condition, the percentage of hybrid cells which contained mtDNA genotypes of both S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

4.Compare and contrast the results from the first and second experiments for the 2% glucose condition.

5.Identify the liquid medium condition which resulted in the greatest difference in the number of hybrid cells with mtDNA genotype from both parents between experiments 1 and 2.

In a final experiment, the team of scientists wanted to examine the activity of mitochondria, as indicated by respiratory competency, in the hybrid cells grown under each of the aforementioned growing conditions.
Respiratory competence was measured by using a stain, which stains respiratory competent cells red. The absorbance of cells was then measured, with higher absorbances indicating higher levels of respiratory competency.
Note that hybrid cells which contained both parents' mtDNA were excluded from this experiment.


6.State the growing condition and strain which resulted in the highest levels of mitochondrial activity.

7.Discuss the hypothesis that hybrid cells inherit the mtDNA from parents who are best adapted to their environment.

8.Evaluate the use of S. cerevisiae and related strains in the study of mtDNA inheritance in humans.
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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The table shows the number of cells in different stages of the ;rrg;qkbk adh;s.p 4+ yx1oc.cell cycle in four samples of lung tissue from four patients. c1 gdxhqs+ ;b4.akyp. ;k;rroWhich tissue has the lowest mitotic index?



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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows the dominant cy6bn uwk/8o) yax;uuluh8h ) yz /gvi(:clin/CDK complexes at different time points in the cell cycle. Which cyclin/CDK u ) (xn y8iul8azw )byg6hohu/:v/k; ucomplex activates DNA replication machinery?


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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Studies have shown that genes such as Cyclin Dependent Kinase 3yrw1 o t1hm5s8 (CDKN3) are highly overexprem1r5s1t h8owy ssed in cervical tumours.


1.Calculate the percentage increase of CDKN3 gene expression in cancerous cervical tissue compared to healthy cervical tissue. Make sure you show your working.The number is   %.

Overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours has been associated with decreased survival rates in cervical cancer patients and has been shown to trigger cells to exit mitosis and begin cytokinesis.


2.A hypothesis has been proposed that overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours results in an increased chance of patient death. Evaluate the evidence for this using the data given.

3.Overexpression of CDKN3 results in increased levels of cell division. Describe how CDKs and cyclins are involved in the cell cycle.

4.CDKN3 has been identified as an oncogene. State the definition of an oncogene.

c-REL is another gene that has been linked to cervical cancer and its expression is correlated with the expression of CDKN3. Using CRISPR technology, cervical cancer cells have been created that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-). Expression levels of c-REL were checked using protein analysis.


When c-REL is overexpressed in cervical epithelial cells it results in greater proliferation of cells and the cells spend less time in prometaphase (the phase between prophase and metaphase) compared to healthy cervical cells.


5.1.Looking at the photomicrograph above, identify the stage of mitosis that most of the cells are in.

5.2.Based on the evidence provided, suggest, with a reason, which of the labelled cells would be present in the highest numbers in c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells.

cREL-/- cervical cancer cells and cervical cancer cells with high expression levels of c-REL were treated with the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin. Both types of cells were exposed to different concentrations of cisplatin over a 21-hour period, and the effects on cell number were analysed.


6.Using the graph above, compare the response of cervical cancer cells that express c-REL and the cells that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-) in response to exposure to different concentrations of cisplatin.

7.Suggest a reason for the different effects that cisplatin has on cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL and those that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/- ).

8.Suggest why some c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells have a similar level of cell death to those cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL.

9.Deduce whether cervical cancer cells expressing high levels of c-REL and CDKN3 will have a higher mitotic index than those with lower levels of c-REL and CDKN3..
Cervical cancer cells with a high expression of both genes will have a    mitotic index, as they are dividing more rapidly.

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When is the concentration of cyc4x9uyqw 45wth he)bspxv.4 yc-b 61 fwlin E the highest during the cell cycle ?


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