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习题练习:Continuity and Change D.4 Cell & Nuclear Division



 作者: admin   总分: 64分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 24年01月11日 12:39  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The graph below shows the relationsql(uz v k.dl3y2c0 ze;hip between maternal age and the incidence of non-disjunction.3v yzll ukc0q(;.zd e2 What relationship is suggested by the data in the graph?



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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis is representedqql-r h msk*)57 ess 7x:wsv+w in the diagram below?


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3#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shfg(x8t*o bl1 gows chromosomes during meiosis.


1.Identify the stage of meiosis from the diagram.It is    I

2.State one process, other than the one shown in the diagram that promotes variation during meiosis.

3.State when the process you named in part (i) occurs in meiosis.It is    I

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly states the number of alleles of a singlpqk;cmyw6 3h nmjjnx: 9 lun 0o+0gc c1,)go1oe gene which would be present in the nucleus of nu xlc91gncwjp:)k 1yh3ng60 mco0joo+;mq , a cell as a result of each process?

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which keyword is matched to the correct def f*r21 7 x3pjnidm7 mhmm8m0feinition?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) about mitosis is/are true 2x /t:navk/wfc3b6 j3wzeq p0?
I. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during metaphase.
II. The nuclear envelope reforms during telophase.
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase.

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the micrograph below, which letter points to a cell in anaphase? 7s6sfpm*uxhl l8 mxrmiugv+:6 , k- y-


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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envl g*pa(2x,sm uelope break down?

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which one of the following transport protein;(tqh8se mf g-1 i1r)vgrgwtiw ;.y(bs only carries out active transport?irggq) wr(sg-h1v; ybiet tw8.m(f1 ;

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does not happen in the s0 7mxf0a(le-n *uusz6 jgpoy 3hoot apex?

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which type/s of membranel26dahaxl 75 i.sx ;o2)kpi pc transport do/does not require energy expenditure?
I. Facilitated diffusion
II. Active transport
III. Osmosis

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represents a cell with a diploid number o(6pe yf1ifqduz ah 11*f 4. Which stage of cell division is the cell currently under16 fdeqz *(1pi auh1fygoing?


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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph below shows a n.d/e+( jmpmz/yf a7n root tip meristem. Which of the following sentences correctly defines a n dz p+njm/f/a.m (ey7meristem?


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When does the random orientation of homologous chromosome pawo-xtx:p - u uxl3p.p6irs occur?

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does no:d ,- rsensq0pq ksv8,t occur during meiosis?

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a cell with a diploid number of 36 undergoes mitkf).9 icvt /vxosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after cytoxt)/v.fcv 9ki kinesis?

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows a micrograpyk(xuii a(*why: bah;v(v 2) nh of a cell.


What explains the appearance of the cell in the micrograph?

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) about homologous chromosomes is/are not true? 1mi rg,t,stc8a io; 5a
I. Homologous chromosomes have the same centromere position.
II. Homologous chromosomes have genes with the same loci.
III. Homologous chromosomes are identical to each other.

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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  This karyogram is for an individuaccgftq 2zirp1z78 v0 qfhu:0+l with Down syndrome.

Which statement is not correct?

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the cells of a horse (E. caballus) during prophase I of meiosr1y9os6 t4h 95wuhu hvis I there are 64 chromosomes. What is the haploid number of chu6r y9hh 5wu vso14ht9romosomes?

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which arrow is pointing to a chiasma?f n l8l4zg+k;lu0vqrht z9. eqdu7o, 9


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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represents the structure of a 5 v/;zxc/saflshoot apical meristem. Which row in the table correctly identifies the processes occuring in/f/zal 5csv ;x the structures labeled in the diagram?




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23#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does meiosis promoguku c :es*e10te variation?

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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following statu:*qrg ,jf+ izy9.cue ements is/are correct for meiosis?
I. It is a reduction division
II. It involves random orientation
III. It produces genetically identical cells

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows gametes produced udutq7:vhi);q5qp: ha/ 2 zvjfrom two homologous chromosomes.


What single crossover event could have occurred to produce the gametes?
I. Crossover between Gene A and B
II. Crossover between Gene B and C
III. Crossover between Gene C and D

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26#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which word describes the formation of secondary (nrqa ( q61 ri.xw-tbfqs+. pvtumours from primary tumours as a result of 6q+ nws1a. -xptq.r firvb (q(the movement of cells?

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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many chiasmata are present in the dia7n,d mwdl ks2)a7n3,v xtgn j-gram?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement is a similaritgaxm4zou bs 0p.+20ms y between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis is matched to the correct desc)w;hozos iqbv p3u88 t/xcy+;ription?

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) areq ; b16;cpu+ wds,aach true of meiosis I but not meiosis II?
I. Crossing over occurs during prophase
II. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during anaphase
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase

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31#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrograph shows an oocyte af;sr uclw)7b5*dfev0*r)bw h rter the first meiotic division. This results in the formation of one ll*cr0ur;v)wbh57 r fbwe)s d *arge cell and one small cell. What is the fate of the large cell?



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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly describes diploid and haploijcw/m)9lkxo d x9l/2b d cells in humans?

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The following table shows the diploid chromosome number of a r b rcu+kjs.:jgqvy:oq xl2m 8:.: ae5nange of species.


Which of these statements is correct?

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What conclusion can be draw )039yqk. b30 x)nx ohxatyabsn from the karyogram below?


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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following processes is characteristicmn r(,u4u o.s)shz 0olw6zz r( of the meiotic and not the mitotic cell cycluzs6 zwm(4 os(h)0n .,uzror le?

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram represents a bud with a shoot apical merip0pzp cigh55(stem.

1.State the type of cell division that occurs in the shoot apical meristem.
   is the type of cell division which occurs in the stem tip.
2.Outline what happens to the cells produced in the shoot apical meristem.

3.State two types of tissue that are produced by the differentiation of cells found at the shoot apical meristem

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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diploid number of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is 48. Which row shows thyvd-rmjw (xa tq1t)qwi qt/+ *u x145ee cor w-rqx5ti1 xvqu4mjy )t*/(eaq1t+dw rect chromosome number for different cell types and cell division stages?.

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At the end of which phase of meiosis I does crossing over occur, and w4.q8 tcyyc t5yhat is the outcome of crossing over?. 8q4ct5 tyycy

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following statements does not describe a step in the -bjbb*+qy ul8, s eg9xsodium-potassium pumpb jbgu8 xqsb9 ,yl+-*e cycle in the neuronal cells?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row in the table br,4f * ysj1hmgelow is true of meiosis?

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41#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Membrane transport is important for allowing pap1 i8u )mqj:ur9 klaxto(q.uo* *ead vs,* 9hzrticles to move across the cell membrane and respoqe auklu ip tmx:1**z9,q v8d* asr9o(ojuh.)nd to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.
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42#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Explain how mitosis is regulatej w63p jbfp kr)/f*;led in cells.

2.Describe the stages of interphase and their importance to the process of mitosis.

3.Discuss the importance of mitosis to living organisms using named examples.
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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows the concentrations of diffz1, v7.dn ml)wdth f*n:b vrg7erent cyclins during the cell cycle. Which cyclin is involved in preparingmlv*nn1.tg7 ,7d )dbzwv:hf r for DNA replication?


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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The diagram below shows chromosomes (v4 kngkugi*7pmd1 (m during meiosis.

1.1.On the diagram above, label chiasma with the letter R.

1.2.On the diagram above, label a chromatid with the letter Q.

2.Describe the process of crossing over.

3.Explain how crossing over results in the formation of genetically unique nuclei.
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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis involves the separationm+7flf4twio0m8 aa2k of homologous chromosomes?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The mitotic index of throat tissues taken from 4 different patient9 x*xiie 7i(sr6tci7os is shown below. Which patient is most likely to hi*iirx x (se6to79c7i ave cancerous throat tissue?

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47#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Draw a labelled diagram to represent the process of crossing ovej-(4szafrwng r h)lkot++m jq n26t 49r.

2.Compare and contrast random orientation and crossing over.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows an abnormal human kaqth: hen+ .v*tryotype.


What is the abnormality in this karyotype and its cause?


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49#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The graph below shows the relative amount of DNA in one cell during one c;tz(fv6.dlo, 1 vv jigomplete cj vv v,1t.fdzo;6i(lgell cycle. Each letter represents one stage of the cell cycle.


1.1.State which stage of mitosis or interphase is represented by stage B in the graph.

1.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

1.3.Bortezomib is an anticancer medication and arrests cells in the G$_2$ phase. If a cell shown in this graph began the cell cycle at A with 3 relative units of DNA, and Bortezomib was applied to the cell culture at stage A as well, estimate the relative amount of DNA in the cell at the end of C.

2.Explain why the amount of DNA in one cell remains the same in stages C and D.


3.The diagram above shows cells in different stages of mitosis. Label one cell that is in prophase and one cell that is in anaphase.
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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows a cross between a male cat that is homozygous fof4q mz3 (e:kpor brown, loem4(qozk: f3 png hair and a female cat that has black, short hair.


Which of the offspring has a recombinant genotype?


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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline how polygenic traits can show a normal distributicz)m2u; ri7//b f yxeaon.

2.Outline the differences and similarities between homologous chromosomes.

3.Explain why expected and observed Mendelian ratios may differ.
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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which gamete can result from i pr z8uk3q+v3of,8 ewthe crossing over of non-sister chromatids shown in the diagram below? oki833wq,uver p+ 8zf


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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph shows a pollen f(gamb 31nao.grain from L. candidum (Lily). Which stage ofg .a(mbf1aon3 meiosis is shown?


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54#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the events w-y sl0lso44x i u9j81ps) zgm.gfd1eqhich would lead to an individual being born with Down syndrome, which is characterised by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21.) gpzgq4l0 oj1u98 f1m.ssles-yi4xd

2.Explain how meiosis increases variation.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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55#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The mitotic index is an indisgdz2y 9p;pazmod 4*3rect way of measuring plant growth. A study was conducted on white onions (Allium cepa), under controlled conditions in a lab, to investigate the effect of soil pH on theg*ds za m4p9pyd;2z3o mitotic index of the roots.


1.Describe the trends shown in the graph.

2.Outline how the mitotic index is calculated.

3.Discuss whether the data support the hypothesis that onion plants should be grown in soil with a pH of 5.5.

4.Suggest how a pH of 9 affects the process of mitosis.

5.1.Explain why measuring the mitotic index in the root is an indirect way of measuring the overall growth rate of the onion plant.

5.2.Suggest another method, apart from measuring mitotic index, that could be used to measure plant growth.

6.State one of the variables that must be controlled to make this experiment valid.
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56#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitosis and meiosis are two ways in whigsn/k45/rz xhlkrc n4st7b; 6ch cells can divide. The diagrams below show two cells from an organitglk4rrbs7/zx s;h/n5nck46 sm with a diploid number (2n) of 8.


1.Deduce if Cell A is a gamete or a somatic cell. Justify your answer.

2.Identify the stage of meiosis represented in Cell B. Justify your answer.

3.1.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during metaphase I.

3.2.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during prophase II.

4.Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.
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57#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the role of gene expression in 1v3;73q:x; yt 6n,vt zam*gtrio0 jp dhpau/nstem growth.

2.Outline how growth is controlled in the shoot apex of plants.

3.Explain the process and applications of micropropagation.
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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagrams below show a cell, with a diploid number of 8, in di dqe4 7eac57ylrh u*6afferent stages of meiosis. Which row coraryd *qc7 4 e65a7ehlurectly names each stage?




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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrographs show four phases of meiosis I in a plant. In what order d;+jou*yhp ovjk 9+h5f o these phases occur5 *9ph;h o+vuokj fj+y?


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60#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitochondria are responsible for supplying mq6 wz2urs- l7d.umtm4etabolic energy in eukaryotic cells. In most eukaryotes, which reproduce by sexual reproduction, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited from only one of the parents: t2mls7 6uq tdu4.r-wm zhe mother in the case of humans. This is in contrast to nuclear DNA which is inherited from both parents. It has been suggested that, in some eukaryotic organisms, inheritance patterns of mtDNA found in hybrid cells, which are the result of sexual reproduction between two different yeast species, could be influenced by the parent’s genetic background.

In an experiment, scientists investigated if environmental factors could influence the inheritance of mtDNA in hybrid cells resulting from the sexual reproduction between two closely related species S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

The first step in the experiment was to produce hybrid cells, which were then grown on different agar plates, each providing different growing conditions, which simulated different environmental stresses. Cultures were then taken from each agar plate and grown in a liquid medium, with the same respective environmental conditions. The procedure is outlined in the diagram below.


The mtDNA genotypes of the resulting hybrid cells were then identified and compared to that of the original parents.


1.Describe how the pattern of inheritance of mtDNA in the hybrid cells is affected by the different conditions.

2.Identify the liquid medium which resulted in the greatest AND smallest difference in number between hybrid cells with mtDNA from S.cerevisiae W303 and S paradoxus YDG197.

3.Calculate, for the 2% glucose condition, the percentage of hybrid cells which contained mtDNA genotypes of both S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

4.Compare and contrast the results from the first and second experiments for the 2% glucose condition.

5.Identify the liquid medium condition which resulted in the greatest difference in the number of hybrid cells with mtDNA genotype from both parents between experiments 1 and 2.

In a final experiment, the team of scientists wanted to examine the activity of mitochondria, as indicated by respiratory competency, in the hybrid cells grown under each of the aforementioned growing conditions.
Respiratory competence was measured by using a stain, which stains respiratory competent cells red. The absorbance of cells was then measured, with higher absorbances indicating higher levels of respiratory competency.
Note that hybrid cells which contained both parents' mtDNA were excluded from this experiment.


6.State the growing condition and strain which resulted in the highest levels of mitochondrial activity.

7.Discuss the hypothesis that hybrid cells inherit the mtDNA from parents who are best adapted to their environment.

8.Evaluate the use of S. cerevisiae and related strains in the study of mtDNA inheritance in humans.
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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The table shows the number of cells in d (q:8a0fn khhnifferent stages of the cell cycle in four samples of lung tissue from fournfak0 h(:8 nhq patients. Which tissue has the lowest mitotic index?



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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows the dominant cyclin/CDK co q5d3u 8e8 rb6bvdviu+mplexes at different time points in the cell cycle. Which cyclin/CDK cob5r6uvb+ uqiv38d8de mplex activates DNA replication machinery?


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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Studies have shown that genes such as Cyclin Dependent Kinase 3 a9 mu4dhm0;uf y0f4a z7ucyw. (CDKN3) are highly overexpressed in cervical tumoursh0ucduy;f7 uz. 09 4m4 awmafy.


1.Calculate the percentage increase of CDKN3 gene expression in cancerous cervical tissue compared to healthy cervical tissue. Make sure you show your working.The number is   %.

Overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours has been associated with decreased survival rates in cervical cancer patients and has been shown to trigger cells to exit mitosis and begin cytokinesis.


2.A hypothesis has been proposed that overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours results in an increased chance of patient death. Evaluate the evidence for this using the data given.

3.Overexpression of CDKN3 results in increased levels of cell division. Describe how CDKs and cyclins are involved in the cell cycle.

4.CDKN3 has been identified as an oncogene. State the definition of an oncogene.

c-REL is another gene that has been linked to cervical cancer and its expression is correlated with the expression of CDKN3. Using CRISPR technology, cervical cancer cells have been created that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-). Expression levels of c-REL were checked using protein analysis.


When c-REL is overexpressed in cervical epithelial cells it results in greater proliferation of cells and the cells spend less time in prometaphase (the phase between prophase and metaphase) compared to healthy cervical cells.


5.1.Looking at the photomicrograph above, identify the stage of mitosis that most of the cells are in.

5.2.Based on the evidence provided, suggest, with a reason, which of the labelled cells would be present in the highest numbers in c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells.

cREL-/- cervical cancer cells and cervical cancer cells with high expression levels of c-REL were treated with the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin. Both types of cells were exposed to different concentrations of cisplatin over a 21-hour period, and the effects on cell number were analysed.


6.Using the graph above, compare the response of cervical cancer cells that express c-REL and the cells that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-) in response to exposure to different concentrations of cisplatin.

7.Suggest a reason for the different effects that cisplatin has on cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL and those that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/- ).

8.Suggest why some c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells have a similar level of cell death to those cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL.

9.Deduce whether cervical cancer cells expressing high levels of c-REL and CDKN3 will have a higher mitotic index than those with lower levels of c-REL and CDKN3..
Cervical cancer cells with a high expression of both genes will have a    mitotic index, as they are dividing more rapidly.

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When is the concentration of cyc8qyz9: dyk h17u: ifhllin E the highest during the cell cycle ?


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