Which term describes the spl u5a/z2gxqb*hejx 248(xg tsp itting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen mxupagezht x2bs(qg8 /j*254x olecules?

  Which of the following is involve- 1ces8/ aw,p9ulxf,whok d6fd in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment iu2k2n zd:8fy mnvestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particu822k:dfynz mular experiment?

  What does X represent?,oaj;,bec bt6

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isol8p*rm pk 2(cabm jythq7 (z;k2ated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenz*7mq2( trjy; pkc b2h( kmp8aolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a ch w+l1/x 8kpqxjvas2;dloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following str/1x2p+la qkw8x sdv;juctures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photc:ihc*2 wi vwi;*;)*ilpvg vnc+g87iyv qjn 5osynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensep (5b*nsq6wpbx7h- v ity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes ocni4mnt1zp7, xix y1 +hcur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes pl0r ai9/6 pf5zdokx7 ejace in photosynthesis and aerobxkja0 e9i5f 7do/zr6p ic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant wi/hpre lr:x j(9e.pguz)iqxry4b* 30 tth red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the lightri02/cm0p6 nqj )aimv-dependent reactions for phnaqv0 mr)p/ji62 c m0iotosynthesis?

  Which of the followipk ru 03.aul+nfui t 26:voyq5ng correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light- 3mh+05lmk v7pmcwy ,vindependent reaction of photosynthes0,3mkh+7 v m 5cmvylwpis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most h sgn*je. -pu:qma*ps86-devinvolved in the production of reduced 6es8 g-d.ph: qse-jpn*avum* NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using theg e1i6,y7qqeank-1 sf thin-layer chromateykq6f q, i-ag1e17snography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rk*o-)l/c xbfn;qt2k*;ca nw l ate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a nu*l)wbtl2nxcko ;;-a q*c / fnkmber of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of waveli*w8,atx;ff x+ 0qk xlengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynt; wf x8i ,lt*0xxkaf+qhesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carh xkd4h(y 6-/wjw; -yik-ccmxbon compounds are produced in the presence ofj/h kc6 - m;h4yx--w ydkwicx( light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid memg;t: e c8drmoz2v 6k.syp)l ezsr36g4brane in the light-d2lo3v)d ct g6r;6ek 4mpsz zge.s8: yrependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process v69r dh5.lyzp(/ hp vethat takes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystemy9v rhp6zd.v/ p(5hle II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo cap)fa3z,p wj25pj,u j*:pi dr:q pm1qmrboxylatip,qpj1pam i5wfpzr23u:* ,m q:p j)dj on?

  Which products are formed at yy5z26tjx1 zddf6 (x .ymh0oethe end of the light-dependent and light-independent reac. yzhyy15d 6t6xjef 2 do0mzx(tions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate phom/+lc; 7t idmmtosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showi+mml;t7d/ i mcng the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below sh97tkr+scnuyug9 28 za ows the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the actc9xy 6iyrfte/1 l7-kvion spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed re muoid-/,w(egaox( b. actions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict.s::e)aic* 55p uws sf dsp*tk future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experims*afs)5sc . si w5euk:ppt *d:ents over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of cari:0ea(nc)jt 3xx6xwa bon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it foun60n e:xxx )jia3(tc wad in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment:4tjszuus.erq*( n 5t that enabled Calvin to determine the order of th( 5jr4su*n.s:t ue qtze light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?