Which term describes the splitting of water molecules i cg8y b vflq/j:,rpvj-x*t ;k-n the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrog f jylbqv;-8vgj:,/* pxt-crk en ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixat(5h kz+hv:f ay+ogn )iion during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment invvq0tavbt9 i17td ;b)j estigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value th)q;bt tji 90 t7vav1dbroughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? s/zqu1+gow/sr2mh 8x

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolb02avmq 1tno8q0 u 1 xv0ijw0zated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photob01nj 1vwq o00q 2x8 itm0auzvsynthesis?

  The micrograph below showswep w-3rjvrrx 4-a,pn wr*h6e+ fa )hje.,v6x part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are foun6e,refr 3v rawxha-p+j-j ), h*nvpw6xrew.4d in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynth-okmp j8o.d n j;7fs:r05nyjo esis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosyntsa1 ;)gg7 yn,jx -6xay v;0wfbbh+ulfhesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in tn*no31w fj0 lzhe Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctl/kp46*gx nja94 igiuzy shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell res/ kij9n*gxuz i4g46appiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red leavevue w/2gfosx8y 7 4/u .cl(wues.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions inw4*e3kyz-to)4**rz+wfq(royxa uor+uq 1 la the light-dependent reactions for photosowlu4q*zz*3)rfqyrw 4 k- aoao+et( +*u yrx1ynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes pho2wp gj 2 avidmbhop /)f,chc- tte99 /+w3ki.ctosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independwca- t6v tq 89 rvk)w4sd,kz.fent reaction of photosynthe)f9kwt r8- v4tk qcv .zw,das6sis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involvepo0xso/ 0bw)gc:m lw+d in the production of reducedlg/o+xp b0 ocws)0:wm NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows theu5mlbz)lu7 b7l ko* 3j3utvt/ separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techniv 7u3m3*bltj utu7 /llok5 z)bque in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on n:s a18 )xx:3u aioa.7gy5oif0hqpgdthe rate of photosynthesis, x1fu80gnao a g)i 5x7a : :3yhpod.siqpondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct 7ah (rb 1upa/g w1*wkhrange of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophylaw (11u hrkp whb*g7a/l for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produc( c *+f7wanvdxed in the presence of light.d*wa+ xf(7 ncv
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane-ea,iseu-4u j28 d sbzt4xd-x in the light-dependent reactions of photosynt- bz4ue- di sx duja84xe-t,2shesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferred ff8,au hjy9r ,,rz.soybc9d; from photosystem II to pf;r 8 yc9,zh ,sy,9jrbod .uafhotosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does riburs sgbt-kyxb13,- .ohit6v4 glose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatt -gvr. ,tk4i61-bo yxbhs3sgion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light-inde q k+nk2k)oh42tv nj1lqms+r1pendent reactioq hnlqm2svn41+2 k)t1k+ rk jons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigmeeich)k ktvs j):g.0 **k ;rmhlnts. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are ushr kchv:eksj)m;lt0)*k*g i. ed to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastruchods) 7ch xoce d4:92xture of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the aa-asc).sb, vgmi3 )x jction spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiral;e 4oxw; ptob7vj :phe3i /g.tion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrich ;jsgnkh,5k4xg(h .bif rz* c/ib7d9sment experiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments 45hkfg g.9bskih(di,*z b 7s/ncx ;j r(FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxidev-rfs q0vyfi7 a28xhsg. -9vn in photosystem II, and what form is i an2v8-hi 9gx -.vyf s7vs0frqt found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that etz9d*ef5-cvj nabled Calvin to determine the order o5td -ecz v9jf*f the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?