Which term describes the spli;vl,, bih6hrk-eggi5tting of water molecules in the presence of light to proh;h5ik 6giv-blr ,g,e duce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is invyif x 8pb ;i:qpf9/.ft5edxce o; gd4:olved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temper0yr-a j 3-bsbxature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a3a-xbsj b r0y- method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represencqy2 a m+*yt7+o f+lhqt?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated tjdwed 0r) m+s5/jsc 1chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynth j)+ /se5smdtwjd0cr1esis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the follo)+h)n a ymhid-wing structures are found in the part of a chloroplast label +-)ynd imahh)led X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different td3beb0pf owsz .( )b1k 8ufja+emperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of lz wu0e fc-(8juxay, m7ight intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes oaa6y bri.z 5r7rnb0 5kccur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takts (6s.ka nc-kes place in photosynthesis and as6-ak .kt sc(nerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an at 3 5rl; e8 el.er6x1vcksnvj;etractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions r- b 9xeof0ym)v1z3b.bu rq +oin the light-dependent reactions for phro. bbb9v1eqzo m 3rfy )0-u+xotosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly 58c xyf0dq+a 3d kcv er;cn0.jyx.8pmdescribes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurrin18zlbc.jtc1 d ;tuzd: g in this light-independent reaction of photosynth ujlcz.tb81 td:;c1dzesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved iqkl;11i al zs5n the production of reduced Nk1sia l ;z5ql1ADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of rxab;1zdgq :j7f*uh hs2 v4f5photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatogrv g1 *a7f:dj4quxf;b25zrh hsaphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change oabcf;4a,6k2x fo/.gtct wm a 0n the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carboni.,4gm wtfbat /ac ;6 20acofxkc acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of l2ca9 ewv- /nwok;bz+ uight that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesisoa9e z2wkbcn;v+ /-wu ?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compou/m)jn kd /. pbz+rz gr26zd/vgnds are produced in the presence of)j zzng2rdr/d/ 6bzgkvm +p./ light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid m j)pt/g53m 1pftr+ iu9h 9jsw5lpmr(wembrane in the light-de)hgrl+/p f3u(pjj5p1 w 99tmtsr5m iwpendent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process t)fl3ijf5we 5-qc +fxshat takes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to pho) 5w jiq35-f+slxcfef tosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribuloqq ggv(0u s+ptuycrh- 23c*w 7se bisphosphate undergo carboxylati7( 0ctv* gp+-q2wyqhgs 3uucr on?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depembjf(7/f knuh-ju) +qndent and light-independent reactioju(k7jfqun/mf-h )b +ns?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be usedsu gp-iyk: 21jwwswk0h,zl.. to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work outy20 h.ukws :-slgi ,wpjw.z1k what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chl-442zliec;c dq3 woe9hab qf,oroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for 4iib6d4gr1,wl14mvbv,afept 4cia / photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular rt 0fmazcio0(r683fjrespiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used stnfc+g0-+b9 e j euhm ++fq;pto predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is a+++j bqtcfe9 n0u s- e+hp;fmgn advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what f3hcp3j kgn8:g xm-ey 4cob )m.:ob4f form is it found icm g )o3gmef-bk 8.:43hxbpn:fyj 4ocn?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enbb/s68ndleh t3ap::mn 2ybj.agu , a+abled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent re: hub/:ntp.2y,aeban b+8j l d63 gmsaactions of photosynthesis?