Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in th-nlz7r m bl-/,im;oy*k0 rz .jr- kjffe presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecjm lfrr/- kkbf, yz -rin0m7o;l.-*zjules?

  Which of the following is involk0u oiev3d x8sh -g95jved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows 6 d9f2xaalli0g- if a9an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a consifa6dig09 9fx l2a-altant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represen.57mhsz :osv ;oxq h5mt?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts fogk1 3m u0mn i3ejq1af6r the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenomjuka 01engi61m3 3fql) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf. bz rwi5y)61xuWhich of the following structures are foundzrw b5x )i1uy6 in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesisr;dw6d9 md ad7 at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the eff:kha9fn)/)a 3n ga zaoect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes ja hp257e e4gpoccur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correh ,j5p2(rfsij fss 8 b/6) ul,:rrkzqlctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic l:kj )/fsrjqp,s6l rhi2rbsz, 85(fu cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive ul*,l l,baw4x 36ot/ma n-xdmhouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in th:c4jwswj o1c o0yocp: 3eub,7s 6 bz/be light-dependent reactions for phots3y bb c0 spbjc ecozw:oj, :u/w6147oosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly detea8dfa;hmlh9;d(4cp ezhd e j/+*r+ scribes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring3vbie:x66 r mfgp/nh . q/d)hp in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesn6: qb6h pgv rx./ pdfehm3)/iis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is x)j: mlb)1rts .d7rlu most involved in the production of reduced Ns1 ).jblrxdl)t:r um7ADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the sepp 3 y;4j*jggf1z3rq mvaration of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatogray;4q 31pzfvgg m 3rj*jphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate *lvi(94k bctw of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of s twkbi(l*c94vealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of ligh0lu7ykz-d9kxg* n: fjt that are absorbed k* n7gyj9kfuzd:0-xland reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced *zpxvpsqtl i0- .;u x0in the presence of vqp *- s0pzl ix.x0;utlight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid memb6cd4vc hfkvpo 0g) 8k1rane in the lig ov4v8kfpgk0dc c6h )1ht-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferpx 9o1wu:kdp.fv/a7t x6 t*j ored from photoso*tx9xjpd:u p/ 1wof 7ak 6tv.ystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose u q 2a))xc.un. k7an7cjgafm.m4w*wt bisphosphate undergo carboxylatif.am4xu taa7j mw nq un.2.kgc*)7cw)on?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light-inde94r6*qsa9 j+mwgtegd pendent reactir9a9e g 4tmw+*gqsjd6 ons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate pndgh sgp 27 b6frpx,v*w+76rphotosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in thebg+hr7sn* ,vr2ppgxw 6df 7p6 leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ue1 4;wd hjq2si:al4,vomv ;lbltrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrumpdt /os,f6. :xhl7nb stb.9q, wk3np30wlg ec for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular resp50ak9l awdez0 iration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment e,(z: jrwk0l k;qji:hn xperiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments ,0 nzkwhkrq;:(ji :ljover free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, k5 x1vyjgxe:)and what form is it found in?x)x1 yejvg:5k

  What were the resultgikd 6(h(-na7x nw (uts obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactiong(dtnhnxu a- kiw7( 6(s of photosynthesis?