Which term describes the splitting owytwy g;r1)3 h/ :jmlhf water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydromyj)w hw;/1y :rt3hglgen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involvlif 6 facr /hn(ew67p1, e3ecqus 8daw *ds8g7ed in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experimentaep( 1sf6kegh 3o fz,8 investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which ,81fge za fo36ehk(psof the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? :nuq-24x 2i vfl u9.xqco-wpr

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the lighx m3piaqibi9 .qu. ,a0t-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the finbxqi p3m a0aui.q9i., al electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a syhc v dvx v*-4y 6vp33ir)lv/leaf.Which of the following structures are fodv-rc6pyiv *3 4h vlvs3y v/x)und in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at differentv wk.b;0al pc7-4y / hcdqc-xq temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photx wmk0s;h3 (8(v :,q4d pk inzlx+5hwqzkw2v xosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvpxc38h;p 0ivj zn+l0q in cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shoel (ov /.bshz4 gl( 0a6mgu.mxws where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aeem.som g/b lx.u ag(4z(6 vlh0robic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive h2f7( p-z9bks0a x mjx0xs) eroouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions foa;p vw3fkh24nd;4 kdoh yd:5a wnc el.ke2o+0r photen420wdon4el3h :dd5kc+aaw k.poy kh ;;f v2osynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes v nuq+8pipa0; photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction ism -*72urof8edgf2s2*sac l ih occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?gumis7s -d28 o*reh a2*2l cff

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in p33s h 5qs:+p *gpzgebthe production of reduced NADPbpsz3:ggh s5p+ pe3*q and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation r75hma doybc3n4od *9 of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) tecorb 9o5 d *am743yndhchnique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change o/c.uv ;xp6w+r5ad/m pczx 1fr n the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a numb xm6.;rccwauprvd+//p1zx f5 er of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents thetew yt00 1u+gt correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed0u+e gt01y ttw and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the vxi z pl; c w3x*,y9d-9caoqks o7-*aupresence 9cz 9a -d scyw;p,x*7oua-qlvi 3k*xo of light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradieno+6g:bti df/lxc a49 ot across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reacti4x t/: go9+dfl oac6bions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process th e6tt 8/v:0j2wq mpabh*qb2 xjat takes place before excited electrons are transferred from2ebath8 vqxj/ 0pj: *qb 62twm photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bispho ,m d q,97qye3cchtz6lsphate undergo carboxylatzy9cl ,cd3q,h 6tqm7eion?

  Which products are formed at the en w wt2 8cw(y)u3m;mqpwd of the light-dependent and light-independent reactiy2 w3qm cwt;w(wu)p8m ons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. B //3 dt8l*hl 4 +ine)l qlybfpp;zu(mjelow is a di*z/4bflli thp uyj);/qde+ np l38(mlagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the zhcqnpq5ah. ff*qq4vw0* )/ c/ywk;yultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spmm*yv( d jmv/ at.5oa4oia/)bq7w c 7aectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enz ha s;9lm:/ibxyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict futuy1aw,tke+u tkr64b 2jre rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the ft+ w 1kba4y2ur6t jk,eollowing is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and1v+h l4tva.9v- nz tzm what form is tv94tzv+.zvlmhna -1it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment thaa- x9h )u f*qgj8w jqfzss3f77t enabled Calvin to determine the order of theq*a9)sjf 8hs q3 -7fz7ufg xwj light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?