Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of lf7) -gb+lja q vzujf29a )t5bkight t2j9 -gf7azklvb+)ftj5 b qua)o produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation duringii(4vrg+x avql.p(av18f o;0p aj;up photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment 3t kj 95mc)h v8n9xy, tuh-tt(j kzl7rinvestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughoutvkk 89h-) rchj7zm9 tyxttn jtl(,53 u this particular experiment?

  What does X represent/x gg kzx8fdo)anj 5;6?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for tro 3/x 77k5dqru,kyoqr ylq 3.he light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron accepo7ku7q.r x ,3rro/dq5k3 y qlytor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows partf pih :k3w4jkb4:-ngt ,w nvo8 of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplabw nkktph4oif8jn:4: , -gwv3st labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at diz+ 7jlllcke)z0ptw9v 4 so u;1fferent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of pp7 mnbofs.tn+0 00rhgc6lx3 shotosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following procesttt:5 jykl,;tei v v;i0mr(bm . d.c8oses occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows wheba02-kfj n+q dznc9w+ re chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cel9f2na0-qdjbn cz+ wk+l respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive hh4hp ie9a 74 mqv5n2vyouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydros i4c7h2pum t1gen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynct1h i4 u2p7smthesis?

  Which of the following cor,)y;vvc+0ffwg mq,kuz; k ki*t3m j6drectly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurr zst4v+u;7h 7adbm( vping in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis74(7 vzm+;u pasvtbdh ?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the p(2ywm,f2 7kpzii os*f roduction of reduced NADP aki*7wz2(,2 po fyfismnd ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigmentsc3 a*-7r xaw o4:jvaggi8w cz+ using the thin-layer chromatogra*c8wz: 43a-agi+x gr 7acwov jphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into t0 6y s/xt6 3sqitntc1uhe impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was pl160 i3x tst6n/utcyqsaced in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of l5 ubgd;yz9;,fmn9 sf0m zcn7right that are absorbed and reflected byy5ugdzz 9 c;mfn; ,7m r09fsnb chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a pr,9 e(fg n27stn;azqjh wl72n rocess where carbon compounds are produced in the presence of light. a 9 2sn,7 w7e;(ngfjtl2qrnh z
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across th;2sh -z i 15tkfg-bmsge thylakoid membrane in the lig;1m ft s-sk-gbgzh 52iht-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place bz2m z. 7vg)bclge+wg) hn+ qh4efore excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to phz bn )2 wcgelq)mzh+gv+g4.h7otosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast doeso 09y9w t*mbpr8f hjq) ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation?moh90 )b89*rfwty jpq

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and lightvo nluiyni*d4k9 j 0 mxz679v.-independent79 oix4.lkdnn9*06 umyivv z j reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can myhi *;: idg9abe used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rai* h i9;gmdy:f values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows 4v ekjcru11 ibok+ y+;the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the a)jfkd;3 sfe440gohf cction spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-cataly e)af*5 llfux o(blb.2sed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict futurellz9nn2k ywh69t2 uywv +5 o,k rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following 2wyy ku lth6l 59o+9wvn,z2nk is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, y*seyjq . (ffaem:j6;and what form is it found i sq(:y;f*fejyaj me.6 n?

  What were the results obtainede4ll qo9/ g: p3rfyn t,pvo3bm6d.r9v from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the39lv 6 e/t. yopnp rql,93mv o:f4gbdr light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?