Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of ligh r kue;,ssxhj*tiy 4.-v-vta 5t to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen moleculus 5jyt;tr-4ke vai, hxs- v.*es?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photos/eg3d;dt h8g bynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experic f,8.tp/;rxs cgzqps:c 8pp jf: .gx4ment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Whixp,qpt ;c c8jpf crpg4f x 8s/sz..g::ch of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?y noej(:fcz q o:05n09.fmzvw

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-7;/x mar(o( jj detj p*vjo8u-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor; 7djt- j8vp/oe(j jo*(mxra u. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of th0th8ktn 2iwcm5rys ,5e following structures are found in the part of a chloropm n2hws8 r kttc05,5yilast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photo/t n8j la6rr0osynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the oxq 81.xug3f3 .wnneueffect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes g*;u 50t; 8jwki itz(vvk)isroccur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows wherp33+q ,mcl5m ymdiit)e chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobiqli5)mtp d m +micy33,c cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with redho6xh,)ncbd8d( j w-vbtn /t6 leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrov v)xqb n )uivwtu3;6p+7xx 3vgen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesiup )b3nvux6+txvi v)vwq 3 7;xs?

  Which of the following correcd mwc*8i7+qputly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independ uw kyg+rs/v*iu zwvcrur*j 3hw02::; ent reaction of photosynthesis?:3 vy+ 2h*uriwuj *wvs0r/r: gu ;ckwz

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the proufu* lh7n:xl-saj.*i cz5nl .syav *:duction of reduced NAD.**ju7ziln usf l: x-a:hlyc* vas.n5P and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthefu3ch0 8m ty 95tw1vtbvf8v1ytic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography wtf9fy v8m8vh0by3ct1uv 51t (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change :yvlo o-:a+i8z.m yn2bow me8 on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each e :8az+y yo lnwom28o:imbv-.containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of light thazs ou0uq)av(p v54w 6ot are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for pvq 5 p)0o6 o(wusa4zuvhotosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where9ino /heo 36oq carbon compounds are produced in the presence of light.ehi /3n q6ooo9
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the t+g29p whyz1tp7c; gljhylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photwjzp29+1tgl h; y7gcposynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferred f/ i av(sn,12+jz/ 0 ueuqjptadb+gxe, rom phot,+naueap zg/u2x 1 ej, /it0d(vj+sqbosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chrl( ejvt qjpuzj3t+fvan* 6.y.; v *w+loroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatiop.vrj j(+vj*fzlqw uvn3 yt.ta ;e6*+n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent 3ftt mlma)k(ms 2 9os*and light-independent reactio s s*2l )93mfatm(kotmns?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthettt3:ev6j31q + dg xbseic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigmetbg1+3:t6e xv jqeds3 nts in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructur4wc:*v vicrml) d76wre of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthxh ji64e yivabvn:w6n6h+ 7 d/esis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular 2 vhsvbgb(jg:n1-.xl respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment u i :zcpb/-g+*hzd mucu44l;aexperiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and pla4z-ad :hmu gc/4*+ pizu ub;lcnt growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what f(wq;vgxs/t1- tf9)r ik) o uhoorm is ittk )r ou )tsg;f-qx(9hoiw/v1 found in?

  What were the results obtained from thn j,m3nu8om (ef:eny:e lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthumo:mnf:3jy8 e,(enn esis?