Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the pres-5kydqrfe+5bh 337bdi : jdzizwy o; /ence of light to produce electrons, hyd:yr35 ie+;5q-hkf 7 j db3wo/dbzzd yirogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?; hc6rb1f,):joskz w o

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating theeyud5l x jr-(t 657gtqdva4j3 effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular ed7 gy lj4q eaujt556x(rvt3d-xperiment?

  What does X represent?) 05igu/ ggpjs

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for t,8 ojislp-wy) he light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used in8ji),wy s-lopstead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroana:ioj/c6 6 aplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are :aaj o 6an6/cifound in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate n 0zrobiu.2*qof photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on trarfgzn,) ,6phe rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in t0 kzhc-:z5smb vea z)0he Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly s ,lo*l mw s2;hh/9zbrih1 )z8a8dkvtdhows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respi 8 ak19 h2zzdws*/htdb8li )olmv,h ;rration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant iiiznzf3-6fk:v866vqfy da/0n 0ehf5 +lqspwith red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the liilnep.on2, )qen-*deght-dependent reactions for photosynthenlnqo2np ),eid* .e -esis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respirgwn7q; i d9v4aation?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-indepe 7q4oimr;j3 jyndent reaction of photosynthejyi;o3qm jr47 sis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the -sp az:mwap ;7xqkm +8production of reduced NADP an ms xaapqz-+pwk7;: 8md ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigmet72ai8 mm/xe.:bbk n8elx ok6i*t; nants using the thin-layer chrk k8*le7/:xx;at. et8ab 2o nmb n6miiomatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on thet;bh6zp71dcl6 uf )et 3k6npr rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each du 3p zrk16);6hetf b7 cp6tlncontaining a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct r5 ihwiv:c1l+33ffb ut ange of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyvt5 l+1u3fwb f3c: hiill for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where clcs:-v*,w vqcmf4ynv0asgzva74 . jv ): qe t5arbon compounds are produced in the presence qgvv40jav *q cz4)yl 5- mec. s7wvavs tf:n:,of light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton kvst4w , 4 62utd6/3oi gzyeaogradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-depzy3 k 6 o64tewdi,4vs2tgo u/aendent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excdt8 f 99kb/5lfos( fck/lc,ocited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosoc/ckto5l f89s( lc fd,k9fb/ystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplasb+u4 jlisz0-k;7owo yd.m sv 0t does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxyla7;liy. ws+uzsj 4 mb0v0o-doktion?

  Which products are formed at the end of t24zf y lmdpvoo:f+f(r 5rc .o/he light-dependent and light-independent:f v+ocyo rpof/25 (4frz.lmd reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography canbua2pb t0dp/1 be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values ad12pa ubt/pb0re used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrah y*xdy i1r5*astructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action/ibibo8ui 3tos) gi2) spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiracxt-whal )p70ez ,v9 ktion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are k)dgiv3jsa5( gfw b9u+pln,3used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and pla bgug lpw 93+v3 i,(sj5)knafdnt growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxir xav+i) 7gzc.de in photosystem II, and what form is it found in? .v+zicrx)ag 7

  What were the results obtao 5vuvt: xsz.9ined from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent vtvos 5:z. 9xureactions of photosynthesis?