Which term describes the splj mf025*s rq5knifq pksol i(1l h4+h,itting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydro0l khfh4j2ors15 i ,iq+knms (ql* fp5gen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is invd pql1rl 2sx52olved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of tempertc:mt8grd11w e,(nz azq56j pu8lt(m ature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keea5, t 1rgut8wtdn6qj1( m zzm8:elcp(ping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? g)26g8yofr fa

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer ic q(bj(cp)wd- n isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosy-wd(qc(bj p )cnthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which o v w1fcve-c5cx pe(1;gf the following structures are x c vg(ccvpwf1 1;-5eefound in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthig(hgt hbt t01rr(4h4 esis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate ojy4dl*, q -mgif photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes oca 1*wa7m1 mlxtcur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosy7-g sb9-nl;( rhct* yw5mgb8byisun4nthesis and aer i8l(ugwt hb4;-snrc- b*g7 s59nmbyyobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with r :y vfcn(6 lvu)o 9;e :ss2vgiua84zhaed leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent hjz ;lq -w24e 1d) 5gswyq9ccsreactions for photc54)j2c l q 9gwzq1 yswhde-;sosynthesis?

  Which of the following correct +z1gid*8c:kuf2la f.ng -gj+ji( ag sly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reactio-d+*u qbo7za,77 gh tw;pigten is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosyntgo - b7+hwt7*,;a7 idpegtqzuhesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved :5q 7agqk;efz in the production of reduced NADP ana;e 7kzg 5:qfqd ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the )wm wk.qe1p+ cthin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.w+mc1k.qw p)e

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate chaks0-7r(/sr4 x6i yjx6x+sj jo3smtjqnge on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flaskqr37 xj ksoi0sjx6x -/(jsm+4sjy tr6s, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelength jqcey0 1a/01*nvcbdts of light that are abvd1abc q01e/jcy *0tnsorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presencs-8g4ael:fo vck s,ir,kx28 oe ,o2o:l-sx,krsvg f8aik ec48 of light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in c5v/ q egnk.p6pxbn 4*the light-depepk.nqxcb 6eng 5* p/v4ndent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place befoe7f-6krcct kdpgg09 4h69ynore excited electrons are transferred from photosystem 9 y6k6ok09pch etgcdn- 7fgr4II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose binl;f5)i j6tyusphosphate undergo carboxynl )6tyf;u 5jilation?

  Which products are formed at the end b( h5sv +t*gnto*5a sgoyc7a6 of the light-dependent and light-independent rt 5 cg57a*yo*g 6shn+o(bvts aeactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosy4fzupgxc f- w- 770oipnthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extrai w4 co pf7fxpg-uz70-cts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of )wj ;1fcmxut4p y13 jca chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosy,ftjc(5bzk- n nthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed re.s nzybu yyz (y( )4l6g7mv3jqi y:2gmactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to g1;kcsia/a12qbrg4 6v hxr k0 predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of en4gcqag6kr r 1bk 20sa/1ix;vhclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the rol)wh:qsnx h)n.jjxw /1e of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found in?n jnsww)x x)j/.:qhh 1

  What were the results obtahjca, x ;y2ev/aql0 /rined from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactica l x/j;v ayq20h/re,ons of photosynthesis?