Which term describes the splitg/n(: 6(fgvw v wmi.iynb 0xh9ting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogenmvv w.y0 g/x96nfb(wi ( i:hgn ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon filadu+za; dw 9xf v:5x(xation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect p;( hx9iy1u qeof temperature on the rate of phot;9 ux(ip hyeq1osynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represen-,ilgn,q.ubtbe- v4e rx 8sp 1t?

  The Hill reaction shows electronnbfhr ro6832 52himzo 2w*8ok ft) wxz transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the fi or zo *wohz6hrk8)m23fwn25ifbtx82nal electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloropl*o.xg7y)mz g55m,6mi6ww;f59 cubko avzn az ast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast lzg7wwb65oamg m* n5m6zixvk ;ou95 a. zc y,)fabelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of xbukhm-8 qwq9 qb )hv f9y./g4photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. mtzw7) pjr2tqz6g7b,

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur ied-sbz an63k- n the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes/k8zvh * )mgpa place in photosynt zhkm8*/p g)vahesis and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red leavesgfiv 51w uozp99ids3 flk:t *).

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the ligt h76pzx :g(hudi)(pac x bw/9ht-dependent reactions for photcp /x6ah w9 uz(7xg(ibdt:h)posynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosx)3e 6m/nf aw)ev .xxxynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in zdu/r2,81j toqr 9wl sthis light-independent reaction of photosynthes surz/jo lq1t8 9,dr2wis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved irc b;;lfb,e)m. y0emfvh hzm, , 0-drzn the production of reduced NAbmf;eyz r- .h,;l , f0mbmhcre0d),zvDP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of puxvndu t 888ios4l t;8hotosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLd x8s84nlu8iut 8tvo;C) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate k 4mm+nvuuh4 2 /c j8ma:gq)lb,o rc:qof photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and h:2c,jbm:4+anu8m4 rgv/u o)qqkml ccarbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wav9oc),l5v zh6oc 5xlda5u ;e scelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll l,az) e lu 5o5o ;6vx5cchdcs9for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where cag m 9g:3vh7edarbon compounds are produced in the presence mh 9dvagg 37e:of light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradien vf 5h3y)c7fgct across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reac5v3hcycf f7g)tions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferred awoutwnp;l:az7 hv/b 0r0dg:79l:w sfrom photosystem Igr:w ;9w :vun tbd00zawl o: s7pa/7lhI to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribu;eki xr:xp )f)lose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatxp fi:)k;re)xion?

  Which products are foq.eddq ;y *g /ebanp*9rmed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reaction* y;d eq9gdp*.aqbe /ns?

  Thin-layer chromatography ck.*b 4cs(s4ldu88f 6m qeejmf an be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing 6s m(esjm4u4 l c*e 8q.ffkd8bthe separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chla lgn5ji: p, j-w/i0auoroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum n/alhf 75d*:oisfxfhk:5 m3 mfor photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and celve9f s 8*co -,j )rlytsp;qst)lular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experi6eggx hj .hba+n9z32j ments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage ofx.6 2ja9ggezb3j n+hh enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxideg)z vh n-v epj,eu1lt/0mf+0c in photosystem II, and what form is it found c/m0e)zn, f-tv ej 0+ugp1lvhin?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin jz:/wd nm/yer qjbx.qdr92dt ) ,6i(d;vemr : to determine the order of terxd2 t: .qr (dj:mw6,/;e b/ yjir vznddm)q9he light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?