Which term describes the splitting of water molecules i3ns6583 ksvn-gq8b: as rmiiv uw 3c6un the presence of light to produc uvs63uscg : i3vmn5b8q6w8 -skn3ira e electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the followin g1xy ;suczd(p ls*;,mg is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temperk5oy(r mrv:7 mature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this 5y7r(v kro :mmparticular experiment?

  What does X represents6lji5 laz0l1t)v u7f?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chlsj9dp+(z br 7of:big7 mq7np /oroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dn77+i:j 9s dmgr7 (ppoz/fbqbye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chas)it8 z9 k7/uy2akd 4 ncdsr.loroplast in a leaf.Which of the followingt9 s8sckzya/)rad7 iukn4 2d. structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate owu: f b(cees. 3bqo56efxpp,;f photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity e jveh1d-f68jmhv+s4on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvinvl74 cc:uuayyaa : 4c- cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmoms;5zll 9k btr:en n8)sis takes place in photosynthesitzr9besk :l n5m); ln8s and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive ho empngdo89f- b skz;s u55y:c5useplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dei*bzimw1q t; 9n /a4n7bkze+s pendent reactions for photosynb;nkt19*w zz4b/ i7 mae i+qsnthesis?

  Which of the following correctlybukhh): atgq4nb1 +e ;w95hym describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occur8duwdw ln6xwwr19 w. * ab,6wtring in this light-independent reaction of photosyn6xnr wa.u8wd6*w1t bw l,w w9dthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the productioyjkj0d;k 0r,l n of reduced NADP and ATP?;yk,jk d jl00r

The diagram shows the separation of axj.ig p83z;h photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromato3ix.za hgj8;pgraphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation in xdax z6u9.5ieto the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each contai9.x5uadix6 z ening a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents -v9jhs azlz.xafx 66+the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed anhxzxa6fz9j .+v sal-6d reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compoundiec j,g:xuuw-3 95gh;x/tahc s are produced in the presence of li9gjc3;5u xi:caw/,hue gt -xh ght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the td gq b00o09 y16etkvjd*2pu sahylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynty bs0qk0otad9ge 2 u1vj6pd* 0hesis?

  What is the process that takes ame ds/d-p(l(place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem- dd(ea l(p/sm I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphap8rr., eo:ujck, g 5x;bqgl2b te undergo carboxylat52k,,j bgerro lc .:8qgbp;uxion?

  Which products are formed at the end of s .eu3:4sorbuguv opoa17:) cukq/ (o the light-dependent and light-independent reaction3kav/ s por 1(:ugu o)bc.:o u7s4oeuqs?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to sey5d .baz +bse/parate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments i +5/ea bz.sydbn this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplast. ptyrq ;1a(vo-

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosyb z66 mn+nus51z0sccs9-ui5 enn3eelnthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and ce9xg mwzqy 69v:llular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experi+k.za g ,bccr;bxr)i6ments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of thexibbkr;c 6c )+r,zg.a following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, amjpsh)48 t p3pd6v(1poltf,j nd what form is v,p pto3h)8(46 j1lfdtpjsmp it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that q+ xwlqe2zk th1u5: aubm--5tenabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactionxmb 5uzqeq- t:1ut-kh5wa+2ls of photosynthesis?