Which term describes the splitting . b+ ae0 vreus4j6my47hi3.kvaxnu (uof water molecules in the presence of light to pr0x+uu s(3mj.ae6hn.i ak4 vbvu7 y4e roduce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation duringo73wrn d:b*/ u t:x/+nygpg ec photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effecrtbtnkjah5x1l:0 ze:3h*cy (t of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following i : hb3kxyr*n 0eh5:j(tcl1t azs not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represenoc;odx/2 pm *it?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the 34 ob8 9pipx8 dmewq.blight-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final elem3q e9opp8b. w8xdib4ctron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a l xhj(z+r)mng09a0 nfveaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labellhj 09f)raxgz+ vnn(0med X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at differentkke-on,q82kjs*ai p5s nq:oc963st;jwd md9 temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthewc+rcf4*0yl,z- n x .jzc9d uzsis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Ce t,6a-/+/ py*2nkzcazrvtd( c u:jtk alvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosid4(qwptb7m 5j s takes place in photosynthesispdm4wb 7j5q (t and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant wy /cwkim/ 1y4uith red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main sourh9- cx : cpy-zf1 ktdkv9;1d2xfm f3ajce of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis? f d 9 ;y-fxzkhca9dpx32k-1vfj:mct1

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration? zxty7mikt*1) z.u 8of

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reactiy;jp 9i +*myd t0 wlxaf1,tlif 2/;hz-)tmtboon is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosyni;tm+1*fzl ;a2) p-w9ohltjmy /dx, i0yt ftbthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most inviba(0rj0;fyf m0p7po olved in the production of reduced NADP a 7;o p(marjb0 ff0y0ipnd ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-88mrl:punayu;4: ud lx xqs7-layer chromatography8:lu r x ;psaxm-qyu 4u7n:8ld (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of 4 18jxkl c(0qyhyu(o hphotosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a numc4l8 yq1 o(jxy 0hkuh(ber of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the coqo p 86mpc gsaw* rc0wj8l+:0yrrect range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosy6+a8 ws0l0g8:m*oppqrcc j wynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in th- evjfo)t /p2z3h3d(l-dqgv4hmw)o a e presence of lve-q v4 lwd3 ghd()om)po/hfaz2 t- 3jight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generatkpk1z h;r vfsifs -u .:i;z*q7e a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthei7 hf.;f-q1r v k:sk izu;s*pzsis?

  What is the process that t -6sempwhgg2ia16i 8a;( shokakes place before excited electrons are transferred from photo gih2se;g(a6k1 s 6wm8 ao-phisystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carbaojwo b6(ijnv-y w2o*a 4(- rboxylation?ni-jb w*jyoro(-wb v(6a 2oa4

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light- 2rx agsbt7 r2vn;1g,jindependent reac gbr2g72,tsv1x jnr;ations?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be utnv21s8*wj+figjrur yi+p 6*sed to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the se pjrv6++j2iniu8fgt1 *y *rswparation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows45 tpjs/eax 7s the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrumoy1pl gnmv;; or;t0:q for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed1s+bi ywo g5k--:h,4m s xnc mo-vj :79utfaal reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enricer (g3 l*aus(n2h 6hz5,th gp7,zyojxhment experiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of encl6,5( g7nh2 l3hjuzrayo(spe hxz,tg * osed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and y7wrym (/ zdlls2o3o*ln.z4 vwhat form ism/ywo3vz n 7l.2l so* 4ydzr(l it found in?

  What were the results obtained fv cexg/u cljx,w4t, fjaqk:x.; 8 9g1hrom the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions9jv/.lqg8;xc x:aehugw, , jct41fk x of photosynthesis?