Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presenvmxvr 1sra84o*(xt i *ce of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecu8* a4xio(mvx s1vt*rrles?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon + sqj)5ie ank:fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigk /ux yzcmsx7*ml8ug*z9.(lr ating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughoulz*(7c*k uy8 r xmgxs mlzu9/.t this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? snnd l)cznwyo 8z:316

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplas8djn r w7+dw-its for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instej dd+nw8r7 -iwad of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Wh jcj(zi1:77ljlvupdu3o.(s x oy6vujb 1 u-, pich of the following structures are found in p,17v1jx(ibu7o3z pduljjs ( uuljvc:6y o.-the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different aph 2z3v+c3wwtemperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthe8 yhqilwcz )c4a91qb /sis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occxu 7)1tf y 5gbrsfox y+7rw9b4ur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the followitnp/9 e/w 7efong correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respiratin9o/f7we p/eton?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red len8t*a+a2 jh udaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for piiw/ wy mz8t6,.lcbul 19fo*rhotosyni6 f trc.wiz ll9/y*8wu1bmo,thesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesisu,cl (-wygak- ,iv-lc) vv5jn or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-indepa i-0vdvbdx 2a 0lnc8.endent reaction of photosynthesi0a .a bv2cn8d l0-dxvis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is mo1 f,4d+)kbx r )/2oqxf opcnwmu n;+njst involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATP?, dbuxq) mkc;)1n+j r+4x/ pff nwoon2

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigg l 1cqc9swp.l*s+dcd5qe7d:ments using the thin-layer chr 1:*. s9cdq7cw d5p+g qllsecdomatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of pup5q)(rgo65q uc ;qnn hotosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic cn5p;5r q(uon u q)gq6acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correcwc5n: hqr5 bo0tc04l ft range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlotqnh0c 450f low 5cbr:rophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compouq1,34zmo u3-p,7jrlp g lsmwa nds are produced in the presence of l z7 sg -,1qar,u3jpm o3llw4pmight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across tp4jctk )0a-g the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent repk4ja) gt0-tcactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are tranzkyi 0sk:)3xf sferred from photoss zyk)30fk ix:ystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribuc5y/z zk9 2tc :fj8itelose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatiojtz9y/cfk 5z: 2i c8ten?

  Which products are formed at the el+s +)a9yqn,ooer) o:0 vxpdod;pc ( wnd of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions?,o)oo:alq)s(c p rd+w;x0vop nyed 9+

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate *1z kk cgzqcf k-u3vb;-xjc,/ photosynthetic pigments. Below is a divcx f*kcc ;uzkj3/k-b1 g-,qzagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure vv(x5u e:t8c xlbiy88 of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosyb ,jcrvk(fp (t en*4+ynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and celhxz.f60p, z (nlrm-1 w5d4p qhi 8kqxrlular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of phyz2p3n fe ceara+-*an s)5.caotosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrich) az se3nrp-.+na*fcce 2 5ayament experiments?

  In algae, what is the ro2c7gq40dckiw3zqh ( x le of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is z dxqck24w3hg0 7(cqiit found in?

  What were the results obtaec(uu*b/ :xn -zl mc9bined from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the orde c/*9c- mxen b(bulz:ur of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?