Which statement best de6uq-ti6 cm666ck-ka9taa7 vtaj ag*cscribes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use k66ta66 ctg 9c q7aa-i-6ukcj*tavma in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potentialf2 eifohckd*)9-g.x(s ycic.8r k c (o,kh yq8 (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to beul r6pgvs 09yr1u 9kg7 transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transp rs01vkg9rp6guu7 y 9llant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given so4 de fe/j321xbqeko4k lutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then vi jeek134obq2 xfed /4kewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if5/gow,g-:l mucek4ulo;/u 9 donckvz kp) e;: the individual is givco:;new;,u4lg:ek/o /ulk z5 uv -)kmod 9gpcen a hypotonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows they5xm v -(rv6uo setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unkmx-uv6ry 5vo(nown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutions bpiwt ph:1oz26ci)b6e d zd0+as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in mic+t6:bpd)e206 zhi1dpw ziboc rograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move across the cell g4xb25i2nq xk membrane and rebk5g2 qxnxi 24spond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct def:uhjpf k, jlfl lj0v2) z(e(q4inition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface ar( to8d v2.hc.oeuat 7vea to volume ratios would result in the highest rat. toe(ohcvut. v2a d87e of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece o y4+u iwx u-mgbedvp6z7t:xge- /6hy9f potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the pw: 4u-g6 p -bd+e /yxm6v7ixg9zht yueotato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different buze:8mth)pv+s 1ii. concentrations of sucrose soluti 1ibh 8tm+v)pi zseu.:on (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will ther)z2/ t(q a+cj(ndfcvo e be a net mq/(j 2ocv(zn)ta + cfdovement of water?

The micrograph shows o8n+t qk,r5 rawte1qi,nion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic so* i2cepcu a .od9y6p0a2 lfh,blution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculpyfabe6d0 2a.h9cc il op,u2*ated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood ce(kw *srvq lby(nzh0d66l m-5ells when placed in different solute concentratiozr( ly05mw*6 bhs(vqn dkl-6ens.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvati 3e6 qsrtf07yion.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.