Which statement best descrqdux64k w7.cc t,a:cmibes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant procedure,64am.c kqccx tdw7u:s?

  Which is the most likely s,4 5o pjbl ;tb7 9;--hncaqe 7fmsmafrolute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to v1qs-a) roc hs6rm(+hbe transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the follrvs+-h ora(msh c16q)owing may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as par2fg,qb/4(-j xjj 7 lw xnukmv 7:r(yrut of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally nega:uqyb7g7rxj(f-2lx 4n/kvj w,mur(jtive health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is lioxzdzibop7ai+f6 2y 8,h /ed(kely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution intravenousohz e+b( aoz8 ,di2fxy6 7p/dily?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The po+7 f hj7on8qbmtato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solutib8fm7+hj7n o qon was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells pl8*;kp vvpg9 jgbjg cbor-.k2;aced in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Whigjjvpcp;rob9-;g* 2g.k8 kbv ch type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing t4c:xb k +xi9iparticles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracelx+4:icbkx 9 itlular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correz gewe*b+u:+c ct definition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume rr-hp995f;ntn hqqb s6 0odrl.6 vo9 svatios would result in the highest rat n 06vr; t n6poqqdo-9h sblv5.hr9fs9e of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue th-,lw,; i(ehcrd)4mg tzdi0 m xat has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distwl cxid edi)g,(,t ;0-4mhr mzilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a vc1kxew- 1 j3fd,jg/dl89u sdpotato slice (%) at different concen1dluws3kg8 ex cv 1j/dd9j ,-ftrations of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in nar)r1 y3,rejwhich direction will there be a net movement on rey) ar3,r1jf water?

The micrograph shows oni/: 41zxhrjt*(grnw5ggigf4b on epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylin/v n,loq5b+q t( /j83m; c(setfjhk txders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the anvj5c oqj l( nbf/(/t k+s,tt3e;8xm hqswer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood ss ftp 9rw.w8oiu9 6pdx;io*, cells when placed in different solute c.r9x8 9iuwsw,tsi6fop*dp; ooncentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages ofno8yxep: 00 x kdbnqz4;1/axnff,+r c solvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.