Which statement best descrm9jwlx kau602tt.) s ribes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in orga2 .mrtt u jls6w9)0akxn transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely sol27c nsm40iajt b ,cmk-ute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in an isotq (jcrlpi)4g .y (v *9rsxc*rqonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following mrr(sqjl*)*4vciy p c( 9grx.qay result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intrt atlrda+,fl) s./g; r,zcf 3gavenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a. aflzc+s3,r al )fdr,tgt;g/ positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the iwq y/l4(bm h*fndividual is given a hypotob mlqf4*h w/y(nic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was w a/nyvv(22ly placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what l yn(av2w/yv2was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells p3bc rj6e)c ummjcy6a+6 gd/)flaced in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells show c +ug)fc 63 6mey/jcmbarjd6)n in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move acrosscwk8 r8c7v6zv5(t ewr the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular f6vrw75 e tc8 8vrzwck(luid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equatiw//y:p +hkkiug 51jv non for water potential?

  Which of the followingc7 w :e o;+hit3dlbxo2 surface area to volume ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion forci dt:obew;lx oh +732 a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed iwx.v u- : vs/u0hkr;oxn distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into thw;ux .us k-:rohvv/x0e potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato seg:e;j *axo0*yk+ lgolice (%) at different conceng+eo *0gyj;:*kalxeo trations of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net2n d7iwnx4n yqpnznse 74g cf8((7s7b movemen4fcgbq7yn87 4 p7 nz7sds e(w2nnx(nit of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal u(,nxidm14p9n aaix(cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 pota;- lzy7tw :x /pjm/rgm41o47 doh.tbnhkc;zxto cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of th1x hc;rdkz m.o 4xz7o ylbnt-w/t;7h/p :gj m4e answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when ral34 g v.zc /ppp64 4und3mwqt8)crqy mp- n3placed in different solute concentrations.yzqvr. 8anp4pgtm3 /)wd34u 6l3c-qm pc np4r


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvati gty ps6)y)6mp*4ot 3dc t2ii4 came1ton.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.