Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a s/rnbjjwhk-2 vmc4h + -olution used to bathe organs for uswck-rmn- b /h 2j+4hjve in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute pot49- ewf2ojp8 hj9w ceb/lpk2s ential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is remo9g 8 ox, (ql-+t hkc(idj5o6jju b9lagved to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in a-joqjj5 68 k9(o,9b hu(+tilgcdxglan isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutioqu7 bqy555f yfns intravenously as part of a medical treatment. 5bqyqfy5f5 7uOne patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen trkd m.8ngmu e;+ansport in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypot.mn+ mkue8d; gonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosc v-p f k5q.4qi5 (jupb),hdgnis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure pothif4.up-d(v qc5 gp k,q5) jbnential?

  The image below shows red blood ce6 is1m,y hendnle xv:e :mn:n3; +ww0rlls placed in three different solutions as seen undenem03dwwe;:,i : n: nh1r6xymlsn+ ver the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is im 4qc0r65, 0 epzdq(p/nzymo8)t yg+ *qsbxgllportant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extrac+tdgoz4sx (q6 /*llzyre,py0 nm0pqb8qgc 5)ellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for wa53r/,9 mkp)xts cly* 3 toxlwhter potential?

  Which of the following surface area to)k qps)sr g0t-gvjn01 volume ratios would result in the highest rat)vk)qgtn0s p1 gj 0-rse of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilledkjb5g kpy8v )1 water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into thegk1y v8bpkj )5 potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concja pthl)w3m4dmk / ok;x55h6oentrations of sucrosewlm)kjp34xhmo at5 /o6 ;khd 5 solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will7-yb5- guso,k ( jeuve 8gozs2i r rg6-v3:qjl there be a net movemen-ji5yu:ge 3ru8(6 kb lvv-2,og-q essjr zo7 gt of water?

The micrograph shows onion epide /ob ab*t5q3nmrmal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 14bf ie:-z( sm/hep w.p3 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The-/e ppfs(zme.i:bh w4 student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the rei,3s / ri-hz q,kd 6h3qdvj6ugsponse of red blood cells when placed in different solute co3rv3qu zq d6 i6 /gh,khdi,j-sncentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvationehic2 0 cfa9zok 9se-/ 3vu/*6 ajiaqu.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.