Which statement best describes the o uxnqzs2 j8))9,h2i+l bdc vmesmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant proc cz sui892)hd exnbmjlv,2)+ qedures?

  Which is the most likelrqj 9,2mxaq 9gqk+xn,y solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stoax*+0 jrrcv :zj*7x3 cyq 4wbkred in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of tc07y * ajb* xz+rjx4rwq:3 kvche following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatmenbch jeqh j2:e.g z//uk q04h5xt. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscz jhxeq0 :u. e425bh/kjgc/qh ope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the individual:(b zc(jud ,j fx4f*ll is given a hypotonjcx,4fdlfj u (:(zl *bic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup7n)bc yd2q(4f7 ydl yb for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost ddqclf bn)y2y(47b7 ymass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood ceswfp m;hi+ 49rlls placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely plac;4+spw9fi h rmed in?

Membrane transport is imp 7ykoyu8 m.4hl4g cj-xortant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respong4hx.- okyl8 j 7c4myud to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for wate.aukwer:((.8 r ii,fiu t.jv yr potential?

  Which of the following surface *gsum/:i qpy/area to volume ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for a c usg /:/ym*iqpell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissudbax iki2arv17ev -j x 6,*5phgr) 5qhe that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distexdb h)kx r6 v,ig2*i51-a hjavrp7 q5illed water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different conc6f arq, 49p:l a5pvrhmentrations o q45al pp9rah:f m6r,vf sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimelw hbl8p pj2x),w( py27r8( tf gdt+3zfibw-yntal set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of watz8pgwf ywht3w-f+lbxbj(p2 )ty7( r l,idp28 er?

The micrograph shows onion epideg)mifwpq9 o)1dv /;f gn3w ku7v3oe2 mrmal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a h-z spyz fh:x7:q+3p asypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choicef z pq:zxah7s-sy +p3:s can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the responsehiio,w oh5 6u zsg.o1* of red blood cells when placed in different solutezihs 6* u 1,hgo.iow5o concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of 8k6(yi jsl -zisolvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.