Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solutioqjitwf/36p z. l6q a6un used to bathe organs forif. wzqa6q jlu/6p63t use in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely sdi92z.wdek pq 8q:+k yolute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transpl 6hen*6y ;(brglcey; qfzipqhm9*) y,anted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solutio (*6y i9y;,neqr*z ylmf6 ph)hgceq;bn?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. : jteiak19gys r2c(6k One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a lightg1:2kiak9e j cy(6r ts microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being i8 npz53.zdzmo057gy tnz4lop d0 n *uus likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solutio35tz0n084nz yuz 75 n dmdo*zo.pgplu n intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmo k5xe hys6ai )6n0do :5/estfnsis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potx6 na6 e:5ed0fos hn)yks/ti5ato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed-6of5mu p1f4yoo0c* ulfwl 6t in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most ll04m fpo5t*ycu1u6fo6l f w-oikely placed in?

Membrane transport is importantj,mapbblg5 i rpfd 98,444ytl for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane t4d4rpm9 ,ib 8lb fgyapl4,5jand respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition ui;08 /bg uxttor equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios woul 8lb pg)kn+b/h6jw(ga d result in the highest rate of diffusion for a cell?bb(g 6lkjw)n/hp ga8+

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled .-leffq j3)wem18e pq water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the3ep8qje)lf. mf- w1 qe distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (gm dgj /*nrq*5%) at different concentrations of r mdgn/*q* 5jgsucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which dir te0 wdglq;5e9ection will there be a net movementew9qdg l0 ;5et of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal celec+x8xx 5 :pqsb6xt/6mik( nmls.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution oi*1pw,q rle;)gon0o and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices ceow ;r)1l,go qi0 op*nan be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of ykxe:2;b 8y gwred blood cells when placed in different sol :2yke b8gyw;xute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages e-vw2d9sjw hu(q)v /i4mp9e6z dtn)l ye7e+ oof solvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.