Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solution um d;o2 knsqw;o9h5dryu3 q1euh83n /w sed to bathe organs for use in or n9qw kdqorowu 8dys35u/he2 n;;31mhgan transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solq)o2/kd +h)bgaa5ez jute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in an isoxq1dqf+7cb6 rl 8k1q kp9gd l8tonic solution prior to transplant. Which of f7qckpdq69 gxrk18d8l+l1qb the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical trev rji55e0 ca1zfc+fg-atment. One patient had a generally negative health ou+ 5-cjigvf f r0ea1z5ctcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human beingwtc d 0i5: flgqo+bo-; is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic+d tfqilc ;0w go-bo5: solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment.z qs 5+xrbdp5m25 q)i;qj6clw The potato tissue was placed in a md b5)5 l5jpixqs qrw;z+ c2q6solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed ih b5a1(z yzc 5k5jxwm0iexl2 ;n three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in? zx(z;j1k 2mwbc5xhly 5aie50

Membrane transport is important for allowif5cf ya 3e:k5 x29tidhj*/-dbd 4 gaqvr/2icgng particles to move across the cell membrane and respo/: -3 gv5q2gjfeaacbc*94d5th2iid fk xd/ y rnd to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct defl *o q(t289 rpg, ohv(2ewwbeuinition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result ibfhie4sawdr* ,a 4)3n n the highest rate of di3 44arhnd), *awifb seffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been pp 9hvg ur3*)vd 55rup1wtl*svlaced in distilled water. Which is the corvh*1v r5 *t3pur 5sl)v9wdpug rect reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change rl as(j 2b63kcin mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentratio6a lkj3s(r2cbns of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which dibhh) b9br9 p c 3vhc7rvg:qx10rection will there be a net prgh0b3 919hxcb:vcb h )v7rqmovement of water?

The micrograph shows onion epiderm.+f8u.qrzz-0 bus od :2t cxu.g,u llsal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potatos3sqati q)0sg5 .te j0 cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Whice t.s tsiq0 ajq5)03gsh of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells wz4g .0xmhfjz, .2txorhen placed in different solute conc xz0,m.2j rhxzo4f tg.entrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solval ic :9rue,,cition.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.