Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a ,2ae,d+d pt9)0 dj,4fg ou9cfhp mooj solution used to bathe organs ffoj94hc jgo,to,+, de pum a2)p0d9dfor use in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potenti4qgy kx4 hn+q/ 67.fzfjx)fgtal (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is sto)0iab7fupxx m8ie 09e red in an isotonic solution prior to tr0790xii) fxba8eemup ansplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical g5 opfyd/gt- l3cr2 7ye )ubd5treatment. One p2db5eld/fg7o)- 53r ycu pty gatient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if thefh8 7i.7y vcf9g yyz0u individual is given a ufcig90y.hz7v fyy87 hypotonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissueqdk qs h3j)n(k*8i;txi* zy-e was placed in a solution -(qitesy *k3q i z;xjknd8h)*of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three differe4scx 2sxn. n1-gu vl2gnt solutions as seen under the light microssx2-.gc14sg nvlu xn2cope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing p s4frxnq xz,86articles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extraceq4rz fx,8n6sx llular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definitioh*q-/ edq3vyj ojkr2e 6( fy*ewx38lfn or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume rq nbczrgh ,o8. b ph(2k9n7)tame ;ee4atios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for a celca9rbgp7b4h. noh;e k,e8e (n t2qm)zl?

  The diagram shows a piecey94kaj fmfb;lz,kt q+u hr2:, of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled wate,;fl zrmky+ t2jqhk:uf a,b94 r into the potato cells?

  The graph below showfmk,w5u 0npv0k d2 3trs the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of su3r5p dvf0wun0km, tk 2crose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-u z,w+kkh9.-zntr v2c c8oq6ggp, in which direction will there be a net movemenncr kk6 gzvq9w -.2+8h,ocgz tt of water?

The micrograph showsz)0 t vv56 qzq4yv1ldp onion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solub/;h0e+kr i kwtion and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solutionk+r0h w/ibk;e . The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of r7 tk b)pbc (3mpqpo6eb iucu09-xi m,4ed blood cells when placed in differenbumk 9 c iitu360 mxpbobe(q,p7p4) c-t solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation.jz):e kle5 ; otrgdfr,i3-kj3

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.