Which statement best describes the osgfy;fwp)xpsad* -51nujzlwr,oa/ ,5 molarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant pr5l)s1f j,ar waxdzo/f ;,y ppu5w *ng-ocedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potv25 fwc:yiji+ ential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be tr1fsm 91zmb;g cz sh1p5ansplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solszfg sph5zcm9 11b;m1 ution?

  Two patients were given solutions int/,/x1qc6vhl n or-y uzravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blz qu-n1xohr, /vlcy/6ood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transpo9 y /qib og xe/et/vrg--8bz5qrt in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic soluti bb5ozv/ie gr/gx9 teq8qy-- /on intravenously?

  The diagram shows the set jaoo ke21c:jx8wh;(pup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, (joka;e28x:wohp1jcthe potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red bl3w mjnu.-i1j96l/webufc4pg 5 xaoe 8ood cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown 4wwe8 om9x faj -i3lg n.1e 5ujp6/cubin micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particlesn ub5/; cxh, jshh2ut3 to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of thjhh5nuc3;us /tx,h 2b e extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or lu*8 t ivgwfr )qs,k94equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would fvt+5 h6jpqx-ey1)b16ex y( p ra.tkrresult in the highest rate of diffusion vfyxaxt j51 (1- bpp)qh6re. kt+6yrefor a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece op4 y2v ibxj3ch 3a9yya6n k(*af potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of watek chpi y *ja346vy 2x(b3ay9nar from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at gy tuib5d o:5/+1r bgjdifferent concentrations of sucrose solutionu15o5dg igr bt +/b:jy (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experf9(mow7bvn. vimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movemenf (9wv nb.o7vmt of water?

The micrograph shows onio j.e8leh3 fxo7n epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 1).b4 e:kcsq rp3 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated t4r)k.sq bc:ephe mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placed in differo7w7w gc0whb k4;beevv,q86 kent solute conco76vb e qg,hb8vkwwe;07k4wcentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of hys .):pw2a jtsolvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.