Which statement best de6 sk9yp,wdjq kk 4bk(0scribes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ trs49,bywjk dq0k 6pk(kansplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potenpe l07j3a)l p3k)qsii tial (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in an isotoszywx e* nnj1tn 3276j 8p5f*ir+bsui nic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic so*uit3jesnpxj* r61by28zni7 sf + w5nlution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as pw qu6o,sfkj 8 od/3,nsart of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and sjun3/w 6kdo,8s,ofqthen viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport inx pp/h:ar;) ci a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution x;)capi:r / hpintravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tisslya.b:n u/qk4o5 qv mn)ky 2w7ue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed 4:.kq ayy5b2q uw) ovnn/km 7lin, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells plac+pywmxh ,t54/1w1fjg wm 8mr p;ti-cfed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the m,rwmw /4f i-tpm8 yp+5j1 w;chfgt1xcells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particle3gwp 2.deyw a+s to move across the cell membra w.wy3g2a+dp ene and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equa u5m8 b9*hr,)gqw*e1vv q*hfm ohl3 ojtion for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios 3bei9qncj (cv7w4 xw 8would result in the highest raie9 wccj(b q3x7w8v 4nte of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in dis28y0kjz b t9q4n((t *qe 7mv,fbwok rltilled water. Which is t fe(n oqqlv9 2j74zmwk*rt(tby,k 8b0he correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato sg+5bmj5 n6h);f,f :itx ef,lk, drtkmlice (%) at different concentrations of sxf+5e, dmkr fbj6)kgtm :,f;i tnl5h, ucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which dirb+xu75 4 n ys/b(b6eypadrit adm j;:,ection will there be a net movement of water?euxr64 ybpn,mj5bab a dtd:yi ;s7/+(

The micrograph shows oy*/g6(p b2yx zfazr)z nion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 pota8qw7ejq 0uqa8to cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, a0uaj8qeq7 8qwnd standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response o.a m..zkd3qkjftz5)h f red blood cells when placed in different solute concen3 .kz ..qhfakdzm5)tjtrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solv.ko4a 09g2x6sgmmaus ation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.