Which statement best describes t6h q)wtr4a.g: ;cvbqwhe osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use ;6r 4wthqb:g a). qwcvin organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely+8 ; d*ucqi;tcxkt 1cn solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is re7yow)q6i1v-8qz 2d wt t4bhhzmoved to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may id)h- 8 1zb7twtvhy w64 zq2qoresult if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatmo0*u7 7 ku4 k3gmqfvmnk0xnk ,ent. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood ,fk mu0x7*7nk4qguv 3 mkkn0 osamples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in ayc7c)jcilo- .zk95h(din ,(lgip-ba human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution intravk. 9no b7y()l-dc -cgz,hlcipij5 (iaenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tizprfc, dab)6 4ssue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After bdcp6az, )fr4 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutions as seg2*) 6 vifbf rs8jojt;+lo4 sren under the light microscope. Which type2r8f b*6 r;jov)4sojtg s i+lf of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing partxvgqj 6e*i (j6dtk 3.t(neje. icles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extra3jtjdjt.*e(kev(igne 66.x qcellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct6m9 le*mr4v.(bdk; i wloubeb62a 5/l,rioof definition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume rarj/ muwc4p 0o)tios would result in the highest rate of dijwoucm0) /4r pffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled+zw9hil+p/a;4 b0a+ y krwjaj water. Which is the correct reason for the m+ aa;9 bpwh iajwy+rzl0j /+k4ovement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows theh;r+ v u8jr)*xa:tbmi change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrou r+*bavt m8xhri:;)j se solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, int)b )txhw*pnc:0s9 t c which direction will there be a net movement hsc0c bt t )*nxw)9p:tof water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal cells.du5je xz;s5i a63a6di

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in akz)l k,9zx1 bux7 ; ybqtzc.(p hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices lkqb;) x,1 zyb7 ztk9(xpcu z.can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response24,sxprr jzq 44ekf:2wxda*j of red blood cells when placed in different solute concentrationsj ez2r jxfs*2d:ap 4x q4k4r,w.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solv5l,7 ld8:seux)vumzm ation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.