Which statement best describes the osmolarity ofx z/gt i of8 w;so/tmyw2d3).i a solution used to bathe organs for use in orgtim23iz.gtd/xo8 y wsfw /;o)an transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potoft sk. ,(d)gl8-upp zential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transpb-i0wd:oc ;zyz us. 1d :cof-llanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following mayyf1doz0 -cw z:ou b: d-lisc.; result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part r7f rti -.d;t xuc,g97orgv:vz ig* a)of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative go );*,.7dgu ftzv:iv-7a xrg9ir t rchealth outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is like q 5qfyo8xbyb hkl/id- (6p7d+8p3pvqa/ )bwxly if the individual is given a hypotonic solution int -(o 8qlih/ d/d y5xqa3b+78y bv6bp xwq)kpfpravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis x+uj fz(mp6 -k773npz+nw kthexperiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solutionznftx j+7up 73 w+mkz(p6-khn of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three dif)qpgt8-qxl1,7a kh:kshpf.x ferent solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of sop. 8x,q qah1x):khf-gpktsl7lution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particleq z 1,b0v/ ;nbqz()t eodqz)nas to move across the cell membrane and respond to changa z/1dbeqontbz n)(q v),qz0;es in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equatiot-cs4;nvyb 4o o2f qd*n for water potential?

  Which of the following surfac vdse 3m n1oy6a9-hx0pe area to volume ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for a 1dos0hm9x-6a yp 3 nvecell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placewomh+.xj 9xa zn5wtw45af;-fd in distilled water. Which is the correct reaw5hfx9m-;4xj t +nz.w5 faoawson for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a pota:5gzclor(+u:lqayw )b f z8)qto slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose solution (mo)l c)yoa: :uq(b g zf5zlr+qw8l dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimentn iw1uw4gv *o) otk u/j)m/b7jal set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of wa7) uv)i1j *u/w/mgtowk4j nboter?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal celes(8ba,3q gnqrx f r/jp h-; 9qsm9.dwls.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato - yagvgwmg j 0tg39y/1ou.y-y cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choice-ajg3 09ym-o/yuywg . vgyt1 gs can be concluded?

Below is a diagram shf,n(m pz3ia3)xpnl+ uowing the response of red blood cells when placed in different solute ciu fm) l3an,nzp +(px3oncentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages o(b qa6a)lnwq .f solvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.