Which statement best describes the osmola4 hcju8m,pv (/recu/writy of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant pu/rvh8(4 c/ w ,mcpjeurocedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potenti93vibs.d0xt oldr:9 grn i2n0al (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in armzrj,jx,) 2y n isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following maym zj 2yr),rxj, result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutiosrjxz/ql9 -).a q8u tjns intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the .l )9jz-tr/s8 xqju qaother had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the individub(kg 8gq30helwz8/0agvpajr 5/ t:dbal is given a hypotonic solution intravenous aa gl/e8gdq3 /j5 0:kwrzbh0tpgv8b(ly?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. T7g wb noh:)k1dhe potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and whag n7b):hw1kdot was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cellssyh s/ io3h7l gu7he45 placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscop7h h/7yeul hs 5gois43e. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to7 l+).x ogztl: ;ykmfa+ck-wc move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluiw-g 7z+kllx) fk.+tyom;:cc ad.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equatexqlot1ideiw3 d o/38;-hs4zwa6j y .ion for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to voq n:rqb3*)*r va q0b4r,oeomdlume ratios would result in the highest rate of diff oq*b3qrd0nq 4*rmro)e,:b avusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distillblxxeq,d2bh ,9, gc*f5 f9y yned water. Which is the corf xl9db,yn*c2f5xy ,,9geq bh rect reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the changemz : yg)ab/4y i0dpz5e in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose solution (moe0dz p5) /yi gza4:mbyl dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following v/3ob9z,kkxr 1oh9lg.st0*d wc juy+experimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement tuwv1 gd9jbksy9. ox/k *3clz,+ hr0oof water?

The micrograph shows onion epiderm9n atoec( mg0;al cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cyli: e+w yuqjtqs)8h st+,nders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a y+t tesh+qs,)wj8: uq hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood q1g pk;uud0r y/z5n 7hcells when placed in different solute concentratio1hn57qy/d kg;ru 0puzns.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. e)r tt h+)m,e 4w1d vks,auoy+

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.