Which statement best descraqaxyaw5 dl,fp8 ++xvj 6.uj( ibes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in org+qpv .6yu(8xa+ jw,a jad5xf lan transplant procedures?

  Which is the most li u vgo8pqdo7e p0l )57bwbw+0ckely solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in l ph c3 e*mh 0xe5 q-y/*ofeemsq*7zz8an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotoniy**zcx 8fopmh /ql0zs5 ee3q - heme*7c solution?

  Two patients were given soe + ofaz.zi*h f** 6iwjj4-hbclutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both *a*- jb4f z ci*f.ehh6+ wjizopatients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human beinersobc+ahyg93pbd9m 5* m, 1pg is likely if the individual is 9*eahm1m+rsbd,pgc o p9 53ybgiven a hypotonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experimep 4 :ecvrkos8 pl,nagwi)7 b11nt. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potate:wp v4a8crps ),1 blg1i k7ono had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutzarag8y s-mv qw- m8*/ng*q4d/hi vf/ions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution wev4mqa* v8yrh /z-im/ 8fwsgan -*qd g/re the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important fugi7qufynjw qjm* wpb/ od/9b8 e,5h51q7w b1or allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellu5w qn9o q,7wpqe8/5h7j1*1mw/jfgub b biydular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation fozqiv(-a 2mpfx- i4mhth5vk ),r water potential?

  Which of the followitl*vap,v- d y;ng surface area to volume ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for vl-d;a,t pv y*a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has bee wdeo3(nmz42vujjw b 105dlm8 n placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into uo 0 mndb(vd5m8 wjj24z1el3 wthe potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a5o8idsk x5xfryzf1 /o6qm)p1 potato slice (%) at different concentra 5xos 5o)rpqim/81f1kyfz 6xdtions of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will there rxq 2;pq feplke5:rz i:ln0x,xx.0x*be a net movement of water? i2,*0ex. xp:qf;lnp:rxq zx50ekrl x

The micrograph shows q;*4nmxyj( l:od1 d lepr vbgvz682j5onion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 pota gua(ochg8lw+ 9p4+b hto cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?gpgc+b(ho 8h wu94a l+

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cekng ,d,- awgtw.k1i+m1cyr m0lls when placed in different solute concdik+m-tckayg,w0g 1wn . r, m1entrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatgnz:4 r))taqh1+ qppjion.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.