Which statement best descr ttzrc0) 9pkfnvsfl8*nz/ (2j ibes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transpl tz /98n0*)fc zfvsl kt2nrpj(ant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potenti9rjzd*vs gc0; al (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removi 4 hh6ee:s4mi jj7mb;ed to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solutimhmjs 4ej67:ie h ;ib4on prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given j4r8;f4v d;wdt m i(p :jwkohn9hsf).solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health out4j d8:;ffh(9prk4iv.d;o th mnj ws)wcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the in //t durfx ;;o baab1z)90tptbdividual is given a hypotonic solut;1/ zx9afpotr;b a utd0b/)btion intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experimenjs (nh01-zl3-y c oucst. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3ssuc lz1h(c oj-03-ny days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red bloo ()u43r eomiwnd cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type 34m io)urewn( of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is importanto h,/9 b rrso 3i *hxorlmkvze3203/av for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composl3*02z 9bovka/ hvx3oi3h o/mr,se rrition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equatio k +etw9b7katq k2z;r4n for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in the hih7c9v 0a8 asahghest rate of diffusios h c970ah8aavn for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilil 4,amtk 0yk .h4)lpiled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of wate k4py ,4 l)ih.kt0iamlr from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato s/b9kisy/nn a fx .wtc +x)w z-:/9mdnshl k+f4lice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose solutkxzxyhs:)mf wc/ks+/./ -lb+naf ni9 n9tdw 4ion (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following expr,. srojw5k 2+vkr)pyerimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of water? kr+25jw r s)y,vrkp.o

The micrograph shows onion epidej;u*7p25 a ipex izq/yrmal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cyuc)ztrk3ml 70d b,p : w9bv(og3gp4qylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which 0 7v 3crw pb4():k3m9utg ,qpdl ozybgof the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cellsl1 *l.shi95m*lu c6,pzublg r when placed in different ubu 6i.ml9lp lg ,z5r1*csh *lsolute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvationa0ief rn/fue.:wa461b(dq 1t vo by,n.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.