Which statement best describes 5uzi8*i 63bss ow )kbathe osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transabik86)z3*ss w o b5iuplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potentia91n:fr ag ku+u(nj+syl (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be ygf -4o9et7 lctransplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the o7-94le gftycfollowing may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions int/imtro2/i,b 6b qel( r *cztjnh46vl6ravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a lightb, r*6/zvi2 intqe6rb( h6/4mlto jcl microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen tranl*:tk+z7efb h pg9w+t8p zy,ssport in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution intr pfyph+b zw9+ kzt,*e gl8t7:savenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osm5lf;e uty j7wp;rnz71osis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in 1zr7ley;wj7pu;5 tf na solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three differencd /487vtavs xt solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type ovds tc4a7x8 v/f solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allow0, f 7,yzi lfs/x/d- oevize-o;4rsd jing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extr ,sozf-y vr4je ds,i//eo;zd il7-0xfacellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for water p.h .zk rmrgx xuq c(iqa7b,*j0)n 3w;xotential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratia r v69p3e)/yamn2zpeos would result in the highesteemn/93pay rvp62 z)a rate of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tixwc-o9) tzbp .ssue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the poo-xc)p.t9 wz btato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato+.j4.asx;eihthq +ve slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose solutio;.qshev+txh 4. aj+ien (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will there be a n gb+sdkuvjd 97bwc r/zj0t0iop/( )x8et movement9doc+j/kd j)7rgs8 xt0 u 0v/p(zwbib of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal cellsvvq l hnd-77(n:l-t y3vi pvew+bo )d qh3(oa+.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypada-+swo61 3ldu5 xn wgn//ft otonic solution and 13 potato cylinders i-o1andwlt dn5xga 6 /s3/wuf +n a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells whenjop+ y *9lixad(a 0ek+ placed in different solu9l ipaj o 0+eykx+a*d(te concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. t61tmuvqt*zw o5mg2 nz h8+e(

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.