Which statement best ao 4wx57s dsjk6 q)2jrb2r 8vgdescribes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant prq28 d wb7jjsv2gk5sx)rar 6o4ocedures?

  Which is the most likely solk6crf o9)ya6 vs-,jips. o4pk(f lp )bute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and /c 0,uoh+ isxris stored in an isotonic sor/, oih+xu0sclution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as ppt/z szu+5 q,yygr/viz3* :ruart of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both pati:,+rvzugqu/sp/iy *y zrz5 3tents and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transpo1a3atti)pyf+met i, 9rt in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution intraveno,a1)9 +ftitiyea tm3pusly?

  The diagram shows the setup fo q4fmetz4ba (; 8 xeby;nwzi6sj,8l c4r an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. 4xl ee4zjs,a 8( n6cbz4b;;wqy 8ift mWhich type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blotn87ngjdc erw/y5bh(amv5 / /od cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Whichgh c 55/rn/j(tawey7d m/8b nv type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particl au2+ f+ fx1ruyjoa9b1es to move across the cell membrane and respond to changesof+y1j9u +u2axra1 fb in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definitiey ; em,i h3hsazg.z+ kpyl*r/u1k:5lon or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume rat**exb/8rgl1dsa: b iq5r*n nlios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for a cell?lrn8 b*:qnls*ba1 xid*g e5/ r

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilledvus)id:1 )bhb water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells? sb))i : 1duhvb

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at difzkll atm840rq.uj.1hq b53ns ferent concentrations of s8 3rq.l 0hz.jkbnmqst4u1a5 lucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental sev0i;0f z-qmj ht-up, in which direction will there be a net movmq- v0j ;hz0fiement of water?

The micrograph shows o0cf ( efdv3q2jnion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotrbm( .o2q(jej 8w dd*zonic solution and 13 potato cylinders 2.8jb m(zrojq*wed(din a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the responst2y7hf /f-xhze of red blood cells when placed in different solute conh 2x 7/hzffyt-centrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation/c lhp/8(xd9-x a+9mha,mn1lvp a aln.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.