Which statement best descrko9wljv0a+dl-u .zf 9 ibes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ traau j+dvko9-f0zllw 9. nsplant procedures?

  Which is the most likefr (qmi af09e.e+amq0 ( jr-svly solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted a)6g lvnl:l4 sqnd is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of qvs6 n4g ):lllthe following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of p(40h6,gdovgu h:jkrg 4(g xva medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other hagg(v4do (hrhx 0 g6kv4jg,up:d a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the i2lzxv5x 62*fnihi h8t ndividual is given a hypotonxfi5l*6hiv 28t nh 2zxic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for a (v-egeesiy , mlc8x,ts5ddc-y8:+gk n osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days ec- 58teyg: +iy8l- ,gcdv kssdx,em(. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutions asfz2xp 8dt:t,x 8er2i d seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph,t:xei 882 zfx2dptr d A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is mwlcqfy, imi(;a6 /*3uk jh.gb6 npv 9important for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid*v,b 966c.(i nk ymi/pa wu;jfgm 3lhq.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for -xf;y; 3hekcqs, pasvpd((;ywater potential?

  Which of the following surface areaowiao :,*5edyrsee5 suhqw6s ,59/sm to volume ratios would result in the highest rate of dim6*5qe5 isoy/ 5aer oes9hss:d, , uwwffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue :8 -vv h k8yp:ras+slfthat has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reasonh:kv8lr8af:-s+s v p y for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato sgqe3c4c wutpdi- 6u:5lice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose solution (mol dm36 ctu u-gcp:4ewd5i q$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which di en8if oh))ve5rection will there be a net movement of watv 8h f5)n)oieeer?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal ceaf a qbyc yg8n*moqg3r,35 v.3lls.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in b*,k6qkrw*vegp f17ca hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices *gvb6kwf1 *ce r 7qk,pcan be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placed in g6y: )f ctnuyx. (8qxyt:6gkl different) y . fgu6(cyt:ytlxg8:6xnkq solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatnr 8 hkh7x,*ltion.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.