Which statement best describes the osa3vd2 0*rug -6+mg id)ichgzlmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for *-+) v2 m i l3uhrigadgd6cz0guse in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potenjjz1jv )-y:v ttial (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is +nr8vs wehg74q/ zae1qtr 7hjw fq.07 removed to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic sol77j/r tq4re8n zwsghf 0e.wq+ a h71qvution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intnu9: ob7srll 8ljww 528j z)xiravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while thejnwzb9 )u sw: 82jol785lrlxi other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a pf.fwdx5ts y56;5mdf,g9 awz human being is likely if the individual is gi dt, wsdyffw;59xzg55.fa m 6pven a hypotonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tn e ./hdy d4bn-bg/2otissue was placed in a solutdo2tebb.-hny n //d 4gion of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood h3 8pijdax(q,cells placed in three different solutions as seen under pqxda8h(j3,i the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move across the8slcj- w1h d7e cell membrane and respond to changes ijhw lc18ds-7en the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equa92te8sp; ckj9ga. zvk tion for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would resu3ime .yqw3 )mylt in the highest rate of diffusion for a ce3.ymqi3m we) yll?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled wd9f mh5ker+q-)y*ilf ater. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into tk+mr9ifl*- dfqey5 h)he potato cells?

  The graph below shows the chan) scaq y.d9:swge in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucroswc)9d.s:yqas e solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which39: a -hiblia )qgfy3k direction will there be a net movemeiaf:hklg)ab9 iqy3 - 3nt of water?

The micrograph shows oz jbj(u3c:dv0 nion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylino ;z(bamkki hji(u+22 ders in a hypertonic solution. The k 2kim; 2 (ha+uboij(zstudent then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red b arx+f ri)5 dq+g/:chclood cells when placed in different solute concentrations.d+cx)r5h :qr /ga ic+f


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. c,3ke: 2qt fep

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.