Which statement best describes the os)n)1i17mv q 2wsebc bi+v6ov gmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ trans)v 1i61g) +imwvsb vobce72nqplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute pot/mc 00kh)8o w kgfzfoy,ch+, dential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in +js46 mhlh-pqo5(tz w an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if th jlm4tsq5wp z(6ho-+h e heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical qwm)om2 +)dykv *v)rwtreatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patie2) dvy *k+qmomr) wwv)nts and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the individdi p)1rf n8ye1ual is given a hypotonic solution intravenoue)rp fd 1yni81sly?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis bx+-ijx/ymf)1b( onk y1rq -h experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration fo+qr)bh (/m of-ky1 nbi xjyx-1r 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows km mxj go3o*5quo*9jj), gi 6rcd *yy4red blood cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely pla,*)xo*j omgog3 c*rqiy5 um4j kd6yj9ced in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move acrossejm*qo3i svq ) n m20)hav:ts) the cell membrane and2oi sntm* ))qjq )v3sa 0v:emh respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for wwovh(2a (3z uzqs* o23r5mvvoater potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in thasu xurmu; d/ b9osp6(3t*y ;oe highest rate of diffuabdt;6u9u uyxom3rs( /o*s;psion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a ef2e jtg e19::4 ao7amsfcq,tpiece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the mogaas471q 2fftect,:jm: ee9o vement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows tr bgc-hd7qb2 0he change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations q g07hdr bb2-cof sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which dis.8lk2 )w qjc lqei8frjow8(*pat,)g rection will there be a net movem( 8cwo aqw.gst*j )ekplj8 qi,l2)8fr ent of water?

The micrograph shows onion .d) uk6:rb6u iqk)sgw)yaqu-epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cyl/hl8i dbeax0 zb:9du, inders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?d/0xbb8 hdi ,:luz9a e

Below is a diagram showin zwvda 71.bx3/+fepcu zr3l 5kg the response of red blood cells when placed in different solute concentratzv l1cueb7 az3k xw/ 5p+rd.3fions.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages;.jd;pt z2ldr 2zd vd1 of solvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.