Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe ou 4kz/k/ wz9fo. li ef:lu*(odrgans for use in orgazk/o.k l : w(ffi*deu/4zu9ol n transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potential (ψl.nn9blic 7( s$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to 3mndtqrp;x bh13py/7:pgd5 0 tppfp(be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic sn0frtp x7dg h(tpp:3y 15mpp/qb d3p;olution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were givensz4xqtl eg 34- solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a3 4e-4gqzxtl s generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen tra26zr.3 w kf.v7spnf 85ndxlhr nsport in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution intravn8h3.r.2wk xz7srf6l 5vn fpdenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissuew7sec-n-)mj)1 rwljsl) ,pbs was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in jws 7p,l)) sr-1cs njew)mbl-, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood wlmsq,-,-j bd,6 ugwvp8 nes: cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which 8lq6,-,juev n p,:w wbs-gdms type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is im v:qitlik8)j4:k.nh z;p * rhzportant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes ii jhpk.:r :iz8qv*tlz ;4)knhn the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for wate4q;y/z:rs x jlr potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in the ht)i gencnkff/4nx 6f9 j; wr/(ighest rate of diffusi/r9 ftn6cn4;g/e wi njfkxf ()on for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placedxj74skmf;y 4 br:hdg ):wq3jx in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for thex yrs jwm; g4b3):d7hj4 :kqfx movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below showse)5cz64e y6 kr+chvbm 7f0wq c the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucroscrmq 7v4 c6 )c56+ybe0 hewkfze solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-+mjz2 x 6h*ywq-4enldup, in which direction will there be a net mov*-lz n wm26y+ jdehq4xement of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal c55z4v9m *wibopppd gpp64 4gqells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic 4 )bacu)r7cutsolution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Belb c7)c4 ru)tuaow are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing th1t:yjv2s- cz ee response of red blood cells when placed in differenty-t 2csjz:1ev solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of jzxf. y./r eyst(p) 7+8bao bssolvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.