Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a acjl6)oc v5y lr3h0.msolution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant proceduc5 rl ac)j0h l6y.vom3res?

  Which is the most likely solute po qxyj/-.aknf qj.e (a1tential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplantedqn 3qc2m1 o2 94jfyw/xwha; fq and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result n xmocqj34;wfw1 2qyh f/a29q if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solu//rwea cx /oos+b23 hrtions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcomerab c +rs//exwo oh/23. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the in;u)m1t; qn4kh ora.ak dividual is given a hypok 4 ntq.rhokum;;a1 )atonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato ti3akm; u*bif7 cssue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. ;acu k7ifb m*3Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood *dyj 3.y dlohko5w51mcells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microsc h*d.wlo53o 5my1jyd kope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles o+teo)d6 uqm8p4jq ,,akkml .pi)ar ;to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid. om+8uak,r6oi.)e;)d, qjpkalm q4tp

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation5 oah+p *nbkr4 for water potential?

  Which of the followinnvb2(m2e vn , cw8h.rzg surface area to volume ratios would result in the highest ravmwn(2e8 .b cnr2h ,vzte of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a p ix 6wwq5+sw draza5 8puqf;1(3ez,dkiece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato 6d;iaz xkrwqf 5+esu 8z,31adqww5 (p cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different con1d p+2lp6lkp+1qh :9ajvyi.vre.x ho centration16+:pdiv vkjqlh x. alp.r 2 1oy9eph+s of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which dir0zaux,0* ggqn ection will there be a net movement of waxa n g0z0g,qu*ter?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal c: dcsbp()thom w+9+ yxells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylucg6*lr 3xr6b (l,rtjinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standart*xb3 crj l6 rgl,r6u(d error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placedjnc.6pc6mbcwv -8 fx8 in different solute cobfvmc 86-xc 6cp j8nw.ncentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. a1wr ;5)jiep n+5cfyc

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.