Which statement best describes tahbm4 dh88cl 8he osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ trans8bh l cdham488plant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute,e0gr5f cy4j 0hj1 qsz potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored inlw drhiw*20,m an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in *d2h lw, w0mrian isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intraipz/e 8 ; i4uvihskz (u86rv)xk8cm 9svenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light m xi9 4hck8v8(eiv s;ps6u/) zrk8mz iuicroscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the individual ihzc /6q8r kv;cs given a hypotonic solution inthcv6c/8rq kz;ravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosi o5rwklg3( 8rjs experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed inkr8wol 3 (5jgr, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in threprs/)8jp2al 0br)b gvov;yg+ 8cuau) e different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placeu; rp)b)8ao lp)2g8 cgayuv0+rj/sbv d in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move across the cell n6 z dsd qesa 9jto*3l:t.4jz2membrane and respond to changes in the chemicalz2:o4d ds jlez.*9tts a6nqj3 composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for water pom 5p(z qos z daww6,y;;la cj9uup+;u1tential?

  Which of the following surhc4cv v+ wy:ys 16qgq9ekah vp0z 6:r7face area to volume ratios would result in the highest rate oa:z6 g6 ys1k:0+cqy 4vrch9q7 pevwh vf diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed inug wn: tf20ytmhr3/f1y elm lqli5r4pk t :,:- distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into th l:: l5 h3tr0:frgyfn1/kypiet4, qu tw-2mmle potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different cor ea*g6b+ 5)of8 kx vf8mdpv/ancentrations of gkpa6+ 8dx/)8ve* bfrvfom5a sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following e01g41x 70ji9do .p gkf 5exjrupja+xaxperimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of waak 1 jpix+540xa9duej7.o0pxr gj1gfter?

The micrograph shows on(jhf cz05 uf+u oiz,psuf( rnz)5k 5v-ion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders 1gwsrbc6r92 s/unm;s,i km1ain a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below ar2;k9bswsru1ns, gc/ai1mm 6re the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when pl+chc 1 a6 -,)gtyiae99kgqj tlaced in different solute ctg ) 9 hligy9 6kajc,1+qcet-aoncentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of sola(s o*idm)hb;vation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.