Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a soeb xsimgk;(d82mr j9zzq v,.-lution used to bathe organs for use in orgakm -z s 2bqrg9m.de;8, izjx(vn transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solut5cw ba3rao;8 re7 idk:e potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed tvwd667w nqgk4 so5 tu3o be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior6u do 6qsvw54k3 tw7ng to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. wn)v /jp91sxtnzis3l3 6/rqv One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken3pqrszwn x)9 i/nj1v lst v/36 from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in cm28uhxl04 g k7t5nir a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution int i g08lk5t4ur7 n2chxmravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The pota4n,fpk,lr-ztt 0q z 3xto tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. zt 3,p,z4t xrn qf0k-lAfter 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows redizo :(p;t q(fc blood cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. zqc(t (f;pi: oWhich type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allow(:ta g(cqa +zoing particles to move across the cell membrane and respo+g oqa(:c(tzand to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct def r mzxe *b(fnzx08:-8.fqcgeuww2x;zinition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in th:gb tmzxl :w(2e highest rate of diffusion fg:twm2z l( xb:or a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has beqfh2 8 uj/7ut3,l lbyk 59lbxjen placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water fromx8kj3/, lhlbf2 tj7u5lqy 9u b the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at differ9kg361steuik a4cm 8c4 0fzc 6kjsu1ient concentrations of sucrose solutck6c0cauum1k1isfjt 3gz es4 6 k4i98ion (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experi bhzko)nx2o)s2:dby247 gbhtmental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of wate2bhod) 2)4khnx2g : o7 bsybztr?

The micrograph shows onilg7 zh7*l3ikfez;o a*on epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 p299/ofef8uss fv(4 ,ctn nciootato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can bef9e8fvft4 (sc,i92 nc/us ono concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood dn4f bjnv(u9kdke:z 3 g+-+:hmlid8ecells when placed in different sehe+ l f igdkvk 8:d(+nd-ju9zmn3:4bolute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of szx.7jx n3w.d t3ryd j1olvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.