Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a s:si-92h gcb aaolution used to bathe organs for use in organ trhg2sb9:a ic-aansplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potential (9 nipnu+t mfw4s2jo 525dprx6 ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transpla)in3ks6a.ax cjbt8 - a kkhq:jw,f8)knted and is stored in an isotonic sc aih3 skf8q))b k-k ja6j8,tw xna:k.olution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatmenzb/h9s *zx(dnt. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood sas n*9bhx/dz z(mples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the indpjml6+hu;d w y9ewgs.k8 8y i;ividual is given a hypotonic i89 ypu sgw6hd+l.yk ;e8jwm ;solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. T7zzul s2 apd/f 3j q cle9wxn aly:kb;:m.2w9*he potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressn:7m;s a l 9z/qbwky*u9jx3de2pl.czf: l w2aure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placedx :p j7crurfh5 g5+v:t in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely r7+ xht:g5 fuvr:jcp5placed in?

Membrane transport is imp -5 h2hmtfa3 4sk4grbjortant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition gth5h2afk-b43rm4 sjof the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for watn+f qq+9kex9wqo. . i.xc7vmr er potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in the highest-ljqj:z0s3 hr+ nb tz/ rate of diffusionr+0hts j3zqb z nj/l:- for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled wat pz1symc/- )kk3ersn3er. Which is the correct reason for the movement of wznkye rs) smp/331-c kater from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in wv 2:uv.qnfb+tz4p8fh yzd/; mass of a potato slice (%) at different concq+nbv:yuv p.4 h zfz8wf; td/2entrations of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimeyd-nk/h)hj(u , qj3ed /+ 6wrbr2prjt ntal set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of kd2 jtjhenr6jrq-u( /wrb+y / p)d3,hwater?

The micrograph shows onion epid2zmb,rlz dh+iu(o / 9+ru;ljbermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylindersxh.qd pt r- 2kd 4z :xmusj-v7e;,pqujf *6kn( in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change infm r,s2 d qkuhnt z p-( 6k4je-x;vqjxp7u.*d: length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red bloo 1m9yyfbh9s f.d cells when placed in differy99.m s bh1ffyent solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation/4cthy ojx*eg1:d ,+ guxec*w.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.