Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solui e p,nn.h8b9z 1ico, -maqn.btion used to bathe organs for use in organnnb b1zn -e9h8,oa icmqp.i. , transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likell7.np:s+,qol6lr ylxy solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is remove4cj1mpynld 2*5dgq jv1m3 v7 pd to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior tgnvm3l2qjdy 7 c pp*4v51 1mjdo transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment.9dv26 58gfpl 9t nchxze;yqz) One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples g58vcn629dzxl9pt zyfhqe; ) were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen tranrau-.b/ jp4p7:wz :h wa7sljo sport in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypop awaojrup :bzs4:. w/7 7j-lhtonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmq (f0 luqgpr+ o7z2y8vosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concent o7v r+qz y0qful(g2p8ration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood z1nkn p5 ( rdi.jik*3 t-ozt qd0k-j9zcells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in microgrikj-ordkz dn *3 tkj-t 0zi 5p(19qnz.aph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles tn; jg(sl9;rpkvce 25 vo move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the ext g;9v (2jlcrk5v nse;pracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct defi sk1h(2mp.57saafpj5 ty)h2kga6 6kl 8ikymi nition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would resul4am uljh b18/et in the highest rate of diffusi4 j8/ elba1hmuon for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue rqb3ym 7)zos zjdpf+k/+7 dz 5that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for th7 s+k5d+fzzm7pyz d3o/q )bjr e movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the chan/w2 cj2/ballm-p9i yuc da.+pge in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose solution (mol dmb/u 2l/.9ja p-lwcyaip +cdm2$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction wii1pzdlcc ocx nz r,:)lje) .jyd/.// dll there be a net movement of water? j)y/jlzdz/xd r/. 1,l):dpnoie ccc.

The micrograph shows oni ;5d- toqw6fy lp8cdu w*.7esnon epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylin* k43::dv/kpaayfm t mzw(0dnders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated/t:kawfy 4n3v: *(mkm0z padd the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the responst3 4)oh z8a fuqmih1;jyd0;h o46zmlhe of red blood cells when placed in different solute concen3mhl;8zh)oz 46faq hjhym1t i 4 0;duotrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of hc.oqxf.-ts m:sq0 1rbwv55b solvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.