Which statement best describes the osmol/sv8xtn/p8l l+ave1v ,v1zje * b5ibn arity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant procedurejs8elaz// vvxb1p15vnl8v ne ,bt*i+ s?

  Which is the most likely solute potej.(arf)u:h7z f 6pitantial (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in c;1zrlbhq* xxv9 yeu;q 2 9l.h:ndft5an isotonic solution prior to h.*x:n yblhu;ztlxv2q qrf5d;ec99 1transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intrav;9f;dn/ q7lg 6wb3 4pvboa htpenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood sb b lapng od4639p/vw7f;thq; amples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the ipp *:eqdkv 3k2cb i+x j4sp3-mndividual is given a hypotonic solutioxmq23dp4pj e 3c*b-kki: p +svn intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis expg9q6 69y lqirueriment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentr 6qr9qyu6 9gilation for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in t y;;njg5t6yp hx*xz8g :lis8w hree different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely p8glypj hn:6x8g *5yz txi;ws;laced in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing partic2;nm.gi wou e/ tj0ap: jgnm1-les to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition oj/ ug0g:2 o peat;m.m1 -wnnjif the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or eg9 4 h1skd*w e7dzoneipn/fd9h ;n/r. quation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in the highest44 bbtqrkes6j 0wj c22 rate of diffusion for a cese0jr4 tbcb 4k2wj62q ll?

  The diagram shows a piek es(ig6 s3*w*b t0mgice of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from * s0m*gewbt(s63kiig the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (6;.0s;yre ;npg2wh :wdwo qmm%) at different concentrations of sucrose solution (mol d n62p hy;;wwr0emd. :mowgsq; m$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net qp0 gd3jq p;5e k4x8u bshx)f1movement xq3pfjg8dqu)541hs; pex0bk of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal rx/;4gdp1p4-bpbxmes *vo s:cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders d63tf6 wsmj)t hg1 d;win a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below arj6;gd3th wf s1m6wtd)e the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood c 7re+nl6p2lx xells when placed in different solute concentratixpxl l26er7n +ons.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. :ergeitq6ms5g;( gkz*jb5 zm+m,+t 1z fuko6

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.