Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a v-lby:+/kzeh+0 fq19 u btxr1hoo +vb solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transh-kbx9vv1+buqr1 :t + h/y+ob0 zfoelplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute pop d9, m1fp2nnmtential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in an isotoni+cdyek -tq 98ic solution prior to transpla8tq+ ki9y de-cnt. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatm i,g)ldmy0a b2ent. One patient h0 l2 giab),ymdad a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the + z9rwifvf6- nn;)z pt;7rhkc individual is given a hypotonic sk-7ni; pffvh;+6 rt zczn)wr 9olution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an ou:tooju- 9.1lxh dxw :l;+ofusmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 dlol:uf1j9tox. o-uwhux+;d :ays, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three foh 6x r0d 4np6y5)koh/g ckz)different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the r5kphnzy)c 40g)x/ ofh6 d6ok cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move across the cell37 r sjx9hne,y membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of ,h 3 9r7nxsyejthe extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition)980j tjp)zh-yo9rh-l 9eyqn8 vt v ar or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in t,d+: h85x4itktv: mlkzikt-k he highest rate of diffusion for aldk hk,5kt:kx-+4zim : t 8ivt cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distill46 h zvmwp1moug y;u07ed water.1uh0y;vm4g 7 zwup6 mo Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%)pc 2tt*act eo3o c:xeto26my/1/zb3 x at different concent/ co/et1xztt co33x 22bmcyae pt *:o6rations of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direct g7h27z yjrk/xion will there be a net movement ofj xk2ry gh7/z7 water?

The micrograph shows itogfgp d7g-u r :(8qjk2zh ,t;t-zc3onion epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potat vc1 t(rrdr,6qo cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent 16rqtv( ,rrdc change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red b qh (vjt3zx+yc.sp8 a.lood cells when placed in different solute concentrati+3z8xh(j..qpyv cs t aons.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. oal d1a/ ,,kgqtwm;cofd8a 9/+9twz g1eg j t8

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.